•How to improve your writing ability in your English exams• A topic sentence Supporting sentences A concluding sentence•Q: What is the desired structure (organization) of your composition?• A complete sentence neither too wide nor too narrow .General: examples, data, facts, cause and effect.Detailed: Concluding sentence, Restatement of the topic and summary of the reasons.• A Good Beginning is Half Done•Four kinds of structure••一、现象议论式的议论文•对某种观点或现象有人支持有人反对，你怎样认为？•（一）导入（para.1): lead-in•Recently, we have had a discussion about whether we should do something.•Nowadays a hot topic has arisen about whether we should do something.•目的只有一个，告诉读者发生了什么事，或讨论了什么话题，接下来就是表明了人们对此的观点有歧义，常用句型有：•Our opinions are divided on this topic.•The opinions on this topic vary from person to person.•(二）正文（para.2-3):explanation•Most of the students are in favor of it. Here below are the reasons.•Firstly, secondly, Finally•Some people, however, are strongly against it. They have the following reasons: To begin with,…furthermore,……Lastly,……•（三）总结(para.4): conclusion•此段是表达个人的观点，有三种选择，要么支持，要么反对，要么折衷，三者只能选一，并简要阐述自己的理由，•Personally speaking, the advantages of A overweigh its disadvantages, for it will do us more good than harm, so I suppose it.•From my point of view, we need to keep a balance between A and B.•Only in this way, can we make the best use of something.••二、选择式的议论文•对两种不同的事物你是选择A还是选择B?•(一）导入（para.1): lead in•说明有两种不同的事物，然后表明自己的去设计观点，•Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. For my part, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.•(二）正文（para2-3): explanation•Para2. 继续详细解释你选择A的理由，如：•There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that……Another reason is that……•Para.3顺便提一下B的优势（略写），如：•Of course, B also has advantages to some extent. For example, it can……Besides,……•(三）总结（para.4): conclusion•此段要再次表明自己的选择，并简述理由。

如：•But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, wemay finally draw the conclusions that……••三、观点议论式的议论文•对某一事物或现象表明你的观点，注意观点应该是单向的，要么支持，要么反对。

•（一）导入（para.1): lead in•简要介绍某一现象或观点，然后表明自己的态度，如：•At present, thanks to the development of information technology, more and more people are taking online courses. As I view it, online courses are both convenient and beneficial for us to improve ourselves, so I support them.•(二）正文（para.2): explanation•注意，正文开头最好有个过渡句，然后再展开。

•I have the following reasons to support my viewpoint: Fir st of all,……；What’s more,……；Besides,……•（三）总结（para.3）：conclusion•此段要换种方式再表明自己的观点。

如：•In conclusion, it is my firm belief that……••四、问题解决性的议论文（how to)•对某个问题提出自己的解决办法•（一）导入(para.1): lead in•介绍或描述某一现象和问题，可以简要分析一下原因，或顺便说一下该问题带来的后果•Due to the fact that A do B, we can easily find C do D…Therefore, E do F.•（二）正文（para.2): explanation•注意，正文开头最好有个过渡句，然后再展开，如：•Then how to solve this problem? In my eyes, there are at least three ways as below: to begin with,……；Furthermore, ……；Lastly,……•（三）总结(para.3): conclusion•此段可以先总结自己是从哪些方面来解决问题的，然后强调解决此类问题的关键所在。

•Briefly, we can solve this problem from the aspects of A, B and C. Anyway, we should ……•What I mentioned above are just several possible solutions to this problem. If only we can take action to do something, we will surely do something.••范文实例（审题-腹稿-学习-写作）•Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of income Gap.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese•1，有些人认为收入差距的存在是合理的•2，有些人认为收入差距的存在是不合理的•3，收入差距对社会的影响••审题-腹稿•1、对立观点式• A. 有人认为X 是合理，赞成X，为什么？• B. 有人认为X 是不合理，反对X，为什么？• C. 我的看法。

•Some people are in favor of They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。

They alsoargue that 支持X 的另一个原因。

However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。

An example can give the details of this argument: There is some truth in both arguments. But I think ……In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about……••学习•辩论式议论文模版（一）•Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that•观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that•观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all,•论据1. More importantly,•论据2. Most important of all,•论据3. In summary, 总结观点。

As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心。

或From above, we can predict that 预测。

••学习•辩论式议论文模版（二）•People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that•观点1. While others point out that•观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing,•论据1. For another,•论据2. Last but not the least,•论据3. To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心。