定语 (Attribute) 1. 定义—— 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句 ----Guilin is a beautiful city. ----China is a developing country while America is a developed country. ----We need two women teachers. ----Our monitor is the first to enter the room. ----He is reading an article about cooking. ----Farmers who saw us stared at us.
补语 (Complement) 1. 定义—— 补充说明主语或宾语的状态 2. 由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短 语和从句充当 ----His father named him Alex. ----They painted their boat white. ----Let the fresh air in. ----You mustn’t force him to give up. ----We saw her entering the room. ----We found everything in good order.
Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ (主＋系＋表)
----This│is│an English-Chinese dictionary. ----His face│turned│red. ----The idea│sounds│great. ----He│is growing│tall and strong.
常用的系动词：
• • • • • • • • •
7. The apples tasted sweet. 8. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 9. He noticed a man enter the room. 10. Tom came to ask me for advice. 11. He found it important to master English. 12. Do you have anything else to say? 13. He managed to finish the work in time. 14. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 15. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
二、句子分类(按结构) 简单句— 只有一个主语(并列主语)和一个谓 语(并列谓语) 并列句— 由并列连词(and, but, or, for等) 或分号连接 复合句— 含有一个或一个以上从句
----She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. ----You help him and he helps you. ----I took a lot of photos when I was in Sydney.
表语 (Predicative) 1. 定义—— 说明主语的性质、特征或状态 一般位于系动词后 ----My uncle is a professor. ----The weather has turned cold. ----The story sounds interesting. ----My job is to teach English. ----His hobby is playing football. ----The reason is that he didn’t take my advice.
Ｓ Ｖ (主＋谓)
----It│doesn’t matter. ----We all│breathe, eat, and drink. ----The fire│broke out last night. ----The meeting│lasted (for) an hour. ----The magazine│sells well. ----My English│has improved. 注意：谓语为不及物动词
句子成分与基本句型
一、句子成分 (Members of a Sentence) 1. 定义—— 构成句子的各个部分 2. 分类 主语 (subject) 谓语 (predicate) 宾语 (object) 表语 (predicative) 定语 (attribute) 状语 (adverbial) 补语 (complement) 同位语 (appositive)
二、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 简单句 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 复合句 3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there? 简单句 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 简单句 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 并列句
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分？ • 1. The students got on the school bus. • 2. He handed me the newspaper. • 3. I shall answer your question after class. • 4. They went hunting together early in the morning. • 5. His job is to train swimmers. • 6. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)
注意：间接宾语多为人；直接宾语多为物
----I│gave│my car│a wash. ----She│ordered│herself│a new dress. ----Jane│cooked│her husband│a delicious meal. ----He│showed│me│how to run the machine.
注意： ①谓语与主语在人称与数方面
要保持一致
----I, who ______(be) your friend, will always am support you. ----The number of the boys _____(be) fifteen.带宾补的词：
①使役类： have/make/keep/leave/get等 ②感官和心理类： see/hear/feel/find等
同位语 (Appositive) 1. 定义—— 对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释 2. 由名词、数词、代词或同位语从句担任 ----This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster. ----The news that he had died astonished us all.
Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
注意：宾语与补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，构成复
合宾语 ----The war│made│him│a soldier. ----New methods│make│the job│easy. ----I│often find│him│at work. ----He│asked│the boy│to leave. ----I│saw│a cat│runnning away. ----He│couldn’t make│himself│understood.
----Here comes the bus. ----Never have I been to the Great Wall.
宾语 (Object) 1. 定义—— 动作的对象或承受者 一般位于及物动词和介词后 ----They bought a house last year. ----I didn’t agree with her. (宾格) ----He pretended not to see me. ----I enjoy listening to light music. ----The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. ----I think (that) he is not fit for his job. ----I think it necessary to tell the truth. 形式宾语
look/keep/seem/remain(仍然是) get/become/turn/grow sound/feel/smell/taste
Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ (主＋谓＋宾)
注意：谓语为及物动词
----Who│knows│the answer? ----He│has refused│to help them. ----I│didn’t recognize│him. ----She│had to admit│stealing the wallet.
状语 (Adverbial) 1. 定义—— 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子 ----Light travels most quickly. ----He is much better today. ----Joe has lived in the city for ten years. ----I’m proud to have defeated him. ----He is in the room making a model plane. ----Once you begin, you must continue.