非谓语：（不能单独做谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。
）一、不定式与动名词做主语1.动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般习惯的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。
例句：Reading English is really a great fun.<这里不强调看一次，看两次……表示的是一般性的行为>To read english this morning will take most of my time.<这里用不定式表示一次具体的行为>2.形式主语it 的运用:1).不定式做主语,谓语用单数。
往往用it做形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。
例句：To finish the job took us two hours.It took us two hours to finish the job.（注：在不定式做主语的被动语态句子中，必须用形式主语it.）例句:it was decided to go for a picnic tomorrow.2).It is+adj.of/for sb.to do sth.当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词构成系表结构时，用of,否则用for.例句：It’s very nice of you to help us.<此时，不定时的逻辑主语是you，adj.是nice,二者构成系表结构，即可以说you are nice.此时应该用of>It’s impossible for us to defeat the boss.<此时就不能说we are impossible.因此应该用for >3).用动名词做主语的句型：It is/was no good(use, useless, fun)+doing sth. It’s worth while doing例句：It’s no use cry over spilt milk.覆水难收(it 用法远不止这几个后面会有补充)3.成分对称：主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，应保持形式上一致。
例句：To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.眼见为实4.There be no +ving例句：There is no parking around here.No smoking,please.练习题It is hard_________ his mind.(to change )It is fun__________ with a foreign man.(talking)There is no ________what will happen.(telling)I like_________ this novel this morning.(to read)二：做表语1.不定式做表语表具体个别的动作或有将来的含义。
例句：My wish is to become a famous writer.2、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征,表主动（interesting, amusing, disappointing, puzzling, exciting等）；进行时表示正在进行的动作。
例句：i am teaching the child to swim when you passed by.The story is amusing. (令人....的)3. 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。
例句：The shop is closed.<表状态>The door was closed by the wind.<表被动>4. 注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：其实这些都是使役动词。
interest，surprise，frighten，excite，tire，please，puzzle，satisfy，amuse，disappoint，inspire，worry.The book is interesting.The news is surprising.The story is fritenting.He is fritented.After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice. 练习题The problem is _____（puzzling）The village is_______by mountains. (surrounded)She is________ at the news.(surprised)三：做宾语1 只能用动名词做宾语的动词<口诀>a考虑建议盼原谅…cosider suggest/advise look forward to doing excuse/pardenb承认推辞没得想…admit delay/put off fancyc避免错过继续练…avoid miss keep/keep on practicee否认完成就欣赏…deny finish enjoy/appreciatef禁止想象才冒险…forbid imagine riskg不禁介意准逃亡…can’t help mind allow/permit escape此外：be used to/lead to /devote to /go back to /object to /get done to /pay attention to /can’t stand /give up /feel like /insist on /thank you for /apologize for /be busy (in)have difficulty 、trouble in//have a good/wonderful/hard time in //spend time in 等动词词组后面也加doing。
2.跟动名词或不定式做宾语，有区别的。
1).like,love,prefer后接动名词，表经常性的行为；接不定式，表具体的某次行为。
如前有would/should，则后接不定式。
但feel like 只接动名词做宾语。
例句：I like swimming ,but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.2).在allow, advise, forbid, permit后，如后有名词或代词做宾语，则用不定式做宾补。
即allow, advise, forbid, permit +doing sth. / sb.to do sth.例句：We don’t allow smoking in the hall.We allow you to smoke here.3).当need, require, want做“需要”讲时，其后必接to be done(被动态)或ving（此时ving也表被动意义），表事情需要被做。
want/need/ require＋动名词主动式=want/need/require＋不定式被动式即need/want/require(需要)+to be done/doing/sb.to do sth例句：The window needs/want/requires to be cleaned/cleaning.4).worth后必须接动名词主动形式表被动。
即be worth +名词/doingbe worthy to be donebe worthy of +名词/being done例句：The place is worth visiting.The place is worthy to be visitedThe place is worthy of + a visit/being visited.5).在介词but, other than之后的不定式。
如介词前有“do”,则不定式省略“to”,否则就带“to”.<前有do，后无to>例句：We could do nothing but/other than wait.He had no choice but to wait.另接不定式省略to的有：can’t choose but, can’t help but(只好), can’t but，had better, would rather.Eg:He cannot choose but stay on.You had better come here on time.I would rather stay than otherwise.6).当不定式做动词tell,show,understand,teach,discuss,wonder,find out,等词宾语时，前常带引导词how, what,whether，why，who等+to do,但why+不带to的不定式。
例句：I don’t know what to do.Can you tell me why do it?练习题：1. I can hardly imagine Peter _____ (sail) across the Atlantic.2. I would appreciate your _____ (call) back this afternoon.3. The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief ______(catch).4. She didn’t remember ______(meet) him before.5. We have always deeply regretted _____(sell) the house.6. The dictionary can’t help ______(learn) the language.7. When do you plan to leave?I mean ______ (leave) tomorrow.8. He would like _____ (sing) this song now.9. Do you feel like ______(have) a cup of tea?10. The extra money allow us _______ (buy) a car.11. This book is worth _______(read).12. This book is worthy of _______ (read).13. All cars require _______ (service) regularly.14. I wonder how _____ (solve) this problem.15. What we can do but _____ (sit) and ______ (wait).16. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ______ (forget) it---- you have got some big billscoming.四：做宾补1..感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to,notice等和使役动词have后情况：1).主动时，do原型表完成；现在分词doing表正在进行。