非谓语动词非谓语动词的概念: 在句子中不能做谓语的动词形式叫做非谓语动词. 它不受人称和数的限制.非谓语动词分为三种形式: 不定式：to do动名词：v-ing 用做名词分词（现在分词doing和过去分词V-ed）（高考）考点一：不定式1.不定式的基本形式是to＋动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形（不定式符号to有时可以省略）；其否定形式为：not to+动词原形。
如：My father asked me not to read in bed.)2.不定式的句法作用动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾补和状语。
(1)作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，It＋be＋形容词＋(for sb)＋动词不定式。
It's important (for us) to protect environment.注: kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。
It's very kind of you to help me.(2)作宾语He wants to go out with her.注:①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect，pretend等。
？Would you like to see a film this evening②当不定式作宾语时，通常还可以用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。
在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。
I find it easy to read English every day.(3)作表语句型：主语+ be + to do sth .如：My group’s task is to find out the cost to go by train.（4）作目的状语>如：He opened the door for her to come in. 他打开门让她进来。
I get up early to catch the first bus.我早起为了赶上首班车。
(5)作宾语补足语①不能省略to：ask. tell . order . force. want. invite. expect . encourage . advise. teach . promise. warn. allow . remind . help.如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜让她姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。
My mother asks me not to read in the bed.我妈妈不让我在床上看书。
②必须省略to的动词不定式（一感，二听，三让，四看见。
）常见省略to的动词不定式的搭配有：&如：My mother makes me help that old woman.我妈妈让我帮助那位老妇人。
I often see him run on the road.我经常看到他在马路上跑步。
③常见不带to的句型有：}(6), 作后置定语如：The best way to travel there is by train.【知识拓展】①不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句：The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉同学们做什么。
He didn't know where to go. (where to go＝where he should go) 他不知道去哪里。
"②疑问词who, what, when, where,how,which等与动词不定式连用可用作主语或宾语When to go to Beijing has been decided.什么时候去北京已经定下来了。
(作主语)I haven’t decided yet when to leave. 我还没决定什么时候离开。
(作宾语)③ “疑问词+不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句如：Can you tell me where to buy the scarf=Can you tell me where I can buy the scarf你能告诉我从哪里能买到这条围巾吗考点二动名词|动名词由动词原形＋-ing构成，与现在分词同形。
动名词既有动词的性质，作宾语和状语；也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
动名词两种形式: 动词+V-ing 和介词+V-ing1.作主语如：Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对身体健康有害。
注：动名词和动词不定式作主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
2. ①后常接动名词的动词及动词词组finish，enjoy，practice，imagine，mind，keep，allow,consider，miss，avoid(避免)，suggest，admit，be worth，have difficulty/problem/trouble/fun (in) doing sth,stay up, be busy,keep on ,waste time doing sth ；can't help/can't stop doing sth ；be used to(习惯于)+doing sth②后既可以接动名词，也可接动词不定式的动词有love，like，prefer，begin，start，continue，remember，try，stop，forget，hate，need，allow，go on等。
③介词后接动名词，keep...from，stop...from，make a contribution to，pay attention to,look forward to，spend...(in)，be afraid of，be proud of，be fond of,be used for，feel like，give up，be interested in，put off等。
3.当need，require，want作“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式。
The window needs cleaning.＝The window needs to be cleaned.4．不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省去介词。
！Shanghai is a good place to live in.I don't have enough time to study for the test, so I have something to worry about.考点三分词分词的构成:分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
现在分词由“动词+ ing”构成。
过去分词的基本形式是“动词+ ed”，但也有不规则的形式。
注：1,现在分词表示“令人……的”，主语一般是物；过去分词表示“感到……的”，主语一般是人,2，动词+ ing 可以作形容词来修饰名词（a tiring film）如：He is surprised to hear the news is surprising.~一，有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有差别try to do 努力做try doing 尝试做二，现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别常见的动词如：see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等，它们接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行着。
I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。
(“唱”这个动作正在进行)I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。
(“唱”这个动作已结束)三，现在分词与过去分词的区别,①在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。
the surprising news令人惊讶的消息,a surprised man 一个受惊吓的人a moving film一场感人的电影,the moved people被感动的人们②在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
the developing country 发展中国家, the developed country发达国家the rising sun正在升起的太阳, the risen sun 升起来的太阳四，易混句式：have sth，have sth.和have 的区别①have sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。
不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作。
且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。
The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.?士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。
②have sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用keep代替，现在分词(doing)这个动作往往具有持续进行的含义。
The two men had their lights burning all night long.那两个人让灯通宵亮着。
③have 意为“让某人做某事”，即ask to do sth.过去分词(done)这个动作由他人(即非主语本身)来完成含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。
The driver had his car washed once a week. 那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。
（）doesn’t like sports,so she has decided __ join the PE club.’t to ’t to：（）2.— Would you like__ the Wutong Mountain tomorrow— If my mother __ , I ’ll go with you.A. climbing; will allow ; allowsC. to climb; allowsD. to climb; will allow（）It’s going to rain. Remember__ an umbrella when you go to school.— All right, Mom.A. takingB. bringingC. to takeD. to bring（）little boy pretended __ when his mother came in.A．sleeping B．asleep C．to asleep D．to be asleep（）book is well worth plan__ one.*A．to buy B．buying C．buy D．buys（）6. A British high school is going to allow students ___ lessons in the afternoon.A .start B. starting C. to start to（）7.—I’m sorry, Mr. Hu. I ___ my English exercise book at home.—It doesn’t matter. Please remember ___ here this afternoon.A. forgot; to bringB. left; to takeC. forgot; to takeD. left; to bring（）8. How kind you are! You always do what you can ______others.B. helpingC. helpsD. to help（）9. The show was so funny that it made everyone______ again and again．A．laugh B．laughed C．laughing D．to laugh)（）10. I remember ___ to Beijing when I was a child.take be taken taken（）11. Though he often made his little sister___ ,today he was made____ by his little sister.; to cry ; crying ;cry cry;cry（）12. The traffic signs warn people ___ after drinking.drive to drive C. driving ’t drive（）13. Now more and more people are busy_____ about the Internet.A. learnB. to learnC. learningD. learned（）It's too hot. Would you mind _____the door- ______. Please do it.~A. to open; OKB. opening; Certainly notC. opening; Of courseD. to open; Good idea（）15. No matter how hard it is, we'll keep_____until we make it.A. failedB. failingC. triedD. trying（）16-Are you enjoying_____in Ningbo-Yes, we are.A. to liveB. livingC. livesD. lived（）17. We couldn’t help _____(laugh) after we heard the funny s toryA. to laughB. laughingC. laughsD. laughed( )18，Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us ___ sure we don’t break anything.(2017)。