非谓语动词讲解及试作者: 日期:非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和 数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。
它们都有各自的特征：分 词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词 和副词的特征。
具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等； 动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、 表语、补足语或状语。
下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解： 一.动词不定式先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。
To lear n a foreig n Ian guage is difficult . His wish is to be a driver . Tom wan ted to have a cup of beer .The teacher told us to do morni ng exercises . I have nothing to say . They went to see their aunt . It ' s easy to see their aunt. I don ' t know what to do next . I heard them make a no ise .说明：1.动词不定式作主语，2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语词不定式作宾语补足语，5.动词不定式作定语,6 .动词不定式作目的状语 词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。
&带有连接代词的动 词不定式作宾语,9 .不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：1. “to ”是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的 to 都是介词。
agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to 2.带to 还是不带toI have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in I saw him en ter the classroom .（ 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom . ） 3. 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。
但是有时用of.非谓语动词讲解及练习 2010-10-01非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式， 即： doi ng, do ne , to do , doi ng 。
当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如： 现在分词 doing : 有 being done （被动式） bee n do ne （完成被动式） 不定式to do : 有to be done （被动式） doing （进行式） 动名词 doing : 有 having done （完成式） ;having done （完成式）；having ;to have done （完成式）；to be ;being done （被动式）宾语、 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. ,4 .动,7 .动It ' s necessary for you to study hard . It ' s foolish of him to do it .与of 连用的形容词有：good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , po lite , p ossible 4.后接不定式作宾语的动词有：want , hope , wish , like , beg in , try , n eed , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , man age , offer , prepare , con ti nue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用 it 做形式 宾语。
例如：通常不说 Wethink to obey the laws is important .而说 Wethink it imp ortant to obey the laws . 5.不定式的省略。
下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o ught to , n eed to , used to , be able to6.不定式作定语，应注意两种关系： 1） 动宾关系：He has a lot of meet ing to atte nd . PI ease lend me somethi ng to write with . He is look ing for a room to live He is look ing for a room to live in . He has no money and no pl ace to live （ in ）.I think the best way to travel （ by ） is on foot . There is no time to think （ about ）. 2） 主谓关系：She is always the last （ person ） to sp eak at the meeti ng . ----I ' m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post .（辑主语是I ）---- Thank you. But I have no letters to be p osted now （ 是I ）7.不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义： 1） 原因He is lucky to get here on time .这种结构中常用的形容词有：happy , glad , delighted , pl eased , sorry , eager , an xious . lucky ,fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy 2） 目的He came to help me with my maths . 3） 结果I hurried to get there only to find him out .to 。
逻辑主语不The book is too hard for the boy to read . He is old eno ugh to go to school . 8 .不定式作补足语I saw him p lay in the street just now .能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, n otice注：当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to ,女口：He was see n to p lay in the street just now.二.动名词Lear ning En glish is very difficult .学英语非常困难。
His job is driv ing a bus .他的工作是开车。
I enjoy dancing .我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to liv ing in the country .我已经习惯了住农村。
Take some slee ping tablets , and you will soon fall aslee p .吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。
注意以下几种结构：1. There ' s no telling what will happen . =It ' s impossible to tell what will happen .=No one can tell what will happen . 2. It ' s no use talking with him . It ' s no good speaking to them like that . 3. There ' s some difficulty ( in ) doing…在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换：trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time注意以下几个问题：1. 下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，forget to do … 忘记要做某事 forget doing …忘记做了某事 remember to do …记住要做某事 remember doing …记着做了某事 mean to do … 有意要做某事 mean doing …意味着做了某事 regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔 regret doi ng …对做过去的事后悔 can ' t help to do …不能帮助做某事 can ' t help doing …情不自禁做某事try to do try doing试着做某事learn to do…尽力去做某事 …学着去做某事…学会做某事…停下来去做（另一件事） …停止做某事…接着做（另外一件事）go on doi ng … 继续做某事 used to do … 过去做某事 be used to doi ng … 习惯做某事2. 动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别 动名词作定语表达n+ for doing 的含义现在分词作定语表达 n +which(who) be doing 的含义女口： a sleeping car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which is running 前者是动名词，后者是现在分词又如： drinking water , walk ing stick running water , slee ping boy 3. 动名词的逻辑主语：动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。