AA band of= a herd of=a flock of 一群 A range of=an array of= a list of= a collectionof=a series of= a set of一系列 Accelerate=speed up加速 Accomplishment=achievement成就，完成 V）完成，达成，成就Accomplish=achieve （ Attend=participate in 参加Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得到、获得 Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体 Aim.n=objective=goal 目的集中、强调 Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasizeonAn array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列 Attempt to do=try to do=intendto do尝试作，想要作 Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约Appreciation=interest 欣赏 As a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence因此、从而 As well as=and和 As well=too也……相关联Associate with=connect with=linkwith=relate to=involve in与……上Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在随意地＝At will=at randomby chance=by accident=accidentally 确保Automatically ensure=guaranteeB相似Be similar to=closely resembled =have something in common专门用于Be used to=be devoted to 等同于Be equivalent to=be equal to吃惊Be taken aback=be surprisedBriskly =rapidly=swiftly快速地C Calculate=measure 衡量Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐Chief=major=dominant=principle主要的Chronic=long term 慢性病的Complain=illness 病症Concern n. =focus关心的问题Concern v. =about 与……有关Concept =conception=notion=idea=understanding概念、理解Condition=regulate 调节Confront=encounter=in the face of面临Concern = care关心Consist of=comprise由什么组成Concur with sb=agree with sb 同意某人Contaminate=pollute=poison 污染Contend=assert=claim断言Contribute to=result in=lead to=link to=responsible for导致Cooperate with=work with 与……协作转为、转变为Convert to=turn into出现Crop up=crop out=come upD退化Degenerated=underdeveloped 使精力分散Distract from= can not concentrate致命的Deadly=fateful减少Diminish=decrease=shrink不真实的Distort reality=far from reality=dishonest 不同之处Distinction=difference=nuance不同的Distinct=distinguish=different=unique 不同的Distinct variety of=different kind of=separate kind of Distinguish=tell辨别由于Due to=because of缺点Drawback=defect=ill E Eat=feed 喂食，进食 Endanger=threaten 威胁 Engage in=participate in=join in 参与Establish=set up建立 Establish=find out=figure out=work out查明Evolvement=development=progress发展、发育 v）Emphasize=stress 强调（ Embarkupon=start=launch开始 Enlighten=illuminate=instruct=educate启蒙、给予知识Entire=whole 全部 Exceptional=extremely 特别（特别好）F没有能够做Fail to do=failure to do=can not do 根本不Far from=not at all 错误Fault=flaw=defect 形成Form=shape Foundation=basis基础提供赞助（金钱）Finance=sponsor=fund释放Free=release=set free 经常Frequently=oftenG具有很重要的影响力Great milestone=impact=effect=influence对……授予Grant=give 石油Gas=petrol HHold=harbor=embrace拥有 Halt=stop=hamper(v.) 阻止、使停滞阻碍Hurdle=barrier(n.)IIdentical=the same一模一样Imitate=impersonate模仿Incline to do=tend to do倾向于做某事表明Indicate=show=suggest=signify=identify鉴别Identify=recognize 起反应In reaction to=respond to 对……解释Interpret=illustrate Introduce to=import to引入K重要的，关键的Key (a.)=important=significant=crucial=essential=play a vital/ animportant part/role in 方法Key (n.)=approach=means=method=technique L可能性Likelihood=possibility Link-up=connection 联系MMaster=grasp 掌握搭配起来和……Match sth to=assign sth to把……错误的理解Misconception=misunderstanding=mistaken view 修改、改变Modify=change=alter 显示、表明Manifestation=demonstrationNNature=character=characteristics本质、特点 Non-toxic= less poisonous=safe 无毒的、安全的 Novel a.=fresh=new=up to date 新潮的、创新的 Numerous= a number of 许多O，有赖于…… Owing to=thanks to =contribute to多亏……P形式，模式Pattern=format 图案Pattern=design 研究Pore over=study有毒的Poisonous=toxic(v.) 描写塑造Portray=describe(n.) 描写塑造Portrait=description 储存Preserve=store盛行的Prevailing=popular=prevalent现代社会、现在时代Present day=modern society重大的努力Prodigious effort=enormous effort 激发、产生Produce=trigger=generate=spawn=bring about=result=breed=spawn 提供Provide=offer的侵害A不受BProtect A from B =shelter A from B 使QQuestionnaire=survey 问卷调查R Readily=easily=accessible 容易地Reflect=consider考虑Relate to=understand=appreciate理解Rely on=depend on 依靠……Remarkable=extraordinary 特别突出的（好的事物）Replace=take the place of 取代剩余物、废墟Residue=remains=relics=relicts=ruins像Resemble=like=as S Show=reflect表现 Significance=importance 重要性 ,情形State=Situation=circumstance 状况,状态 Striking=noticeable值得注意地 Strugglefor=strive for 努力地争取 Substantial=considerable 想当可观的Success=achievement=great outcome=great progress=huge development成功、成就Surprising=unexpectedly uncommon令人吃惊的T习惯……Take to=be used to=get used to 对故事Tale=story=fairytale天赋Talent=gift正式的学校教育Tuition=formal teaching 寻求帮助、求助于Turn to=consult有毒的Toxic=poisonousU无立场、不带任何偏见的Unbiased=without prejudice决定Up to=depend on/upon=rely on 由……普遍Universal=popular VVirtue=advantage=strength 优点好处W Work out=figure out=reckon 计算出、作出11.解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle.work out, figure out损害：2.Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford 3.培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster4.优势：5.Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness 6.使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle7.重要的：8.Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be 9.fully convinced10.保护：Protect, conserve, preserve11.确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12.有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13.要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition14.消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away15.导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate16.因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as aresult of this17.增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to18.降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sinkto，slide to19.保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the samelevel，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out20.急剧的：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably21.平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly22.宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim23.发生：Happen, occur, take place24.原因：Reason, factor, causeDevelopment, advance, progress发展：25.26.有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous27.影响：Influence, impact, effect28.明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent,crystal-clear29.占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose30.与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，bycomparison to31.对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely32.展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe33.大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly34.波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation35.事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it isa fact that36.换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle37.Concern with = relate to 与有关38.grow= increase= rise concentrate on = focus on39.Under the title=name achievement =success40.tend to do sth = plan to do sth./41. want to do sth=desire to to sth.42.be associated with = be connected with = be linked to 与……有关联43.approach = method = way = key intensely= extremely = very44.establish= found = set up establishment = organization45.offer sb sth =supply sb with sth =provide sb with sth= grant46.argument= disagreement work = mater piece 著作47.contract = agreement合同，合约48.no= without = have no 没有49.chaos = mess 混乱50.monument= landmark里程碑51.help sb with = assist sb in doing sth=reach a hand to sb帮助某人作某事petitor= rival recognize as = look/assume as21.dislike=distastetest = examine2.effect= impact=influence3.from…to = range from…to…ignore = neglect 4.unfold= carry on 5.be reluctant to do=reject=refuse=object to 6.before = prior to 7.predict = estimate =anticipate obey= abide by = comply with 8.account for= explain= elucidate=illustrate 9.10.in essence = in fact=indeed11.discrepancy=difference=shade12.forgo=give up13.context =environment=circumstance=situation14.radical different=extremely different15.put another way=in other words16.sort out= find out= figure out plausible = reasonable12.fear=worry pollute = contaminate13.predict= anticipate=forecast14.over state = exaggerate15.actually=indeed=in fact=true16.disappear= extinct灭绝17.seem to do =assume to do18.solve = cope with=deal with解决19.accelerate = speed up20.impact = effect =influence response to = react to21.opinion poll= survey reason = factor 原因、因素22.entitle= name overwhelming=dominant23.field =domain 学科领域24.oppose=against25.for example=such as=for instance=to be specific导致lead to=result in 26.27.extremely=seriously 严重地28.perception = view 观点、看法29.association=society协会30.encounter with = face=confront面对31.postpone to=delay32.pressing=urgent紧急、急迫33.measure=solution=method解决方法34.key=crucial =significant=important关键、重要35.but=yet enormous importance=great/significantunch=start derive from = get from37.revert to= get back to distinction=identity38.immense =great in the domain of=in the field of39.couple with = along with a mass dollar=accumulate dollar40.essential feature = principle41.seize=grasp42.innovative=fresh drab=dull/single43.entirely=totally be restricted to=be limited to44.needs=demand45.dub=call=name reflex=reaction/response46.result from=originate frombe critical for = be important to47.demanding=difficultretune=adjust48.seek for =search foroutlook=view49.figure out = find outtrack=follow50.in response to=respond to = react to51.prominence=importance revolution=invention52.in relation to= in association withsociety = association53.treatise=workfeature=characteristicsmercial exploitation =commercialize do with=due to=because of55.objective = impersonal=impartial foster=develop56.account=explanation=illustrationsubstantial=consider=enough57.be acknowledged=be realizedpilot program=trial programconfiguration=structurephenomenal=surprising58.59.make stride=make progressregardless of=despite of60.perpetuate=keep=maintainaccess to sth=get sth61.vital importance=extremely important62.rest=depositartificial=manmade63.make a comeback=return=re-enterbig=popular64.ignite=trigger a field of=a domain of65.encompass=unifyimply=indicate66.breakthrough=milestonearound the corner=is coming67.materialize=realizetide=trend68.agency=organizationreckon=deem69.approach=methodspot=find out70.boost=promoteprospect=future71.feature=portray elusive=pessimistic72.match up to sth=equal with impressive=great73.impact=effect=influencefragile=vulnerable74.indigenous people=native peopletend to=look after75.undermine=destroy=damageinevitable=unavoidable76.renaissance=revive for instance=for example77.operate=run78.failure=incidentrare=unusually79.tension=pressure80.prime=get ready to do81.inclusion=impurity82.occur=happen83.analyze=closely examine84.detect=examine85.trigger=produce86.induce=encourage87.regardless=in spite of considerable=substantial88.important =crucial89.opinon=perspective, standpointfame=prestige90.91.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)92.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel93.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)94.Lonely=solitary(if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her95.small=minuscule(very small), minute96.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)97.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly98.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)99.show=demonstrate(to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.) 100.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it101.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)102.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)103.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or bechanged)104.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)105.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)106.respect=esteem107.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)108.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)109.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)110.nowadays=currently111.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)112.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of) 113.difficult=formidable114.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different frommost people)115.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)116.approximately将近-nearly, almost117.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)118.scholarship=fellowship119.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)iverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things) d120.121.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)122.despite=not withstanding(FORMAL)123.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)124.sharp=acute(severe and intense)125.unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you thinkit very unlike to happen126.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)127.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)128.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved) 129.of=necessary to130.without=free from131.about=concerning=related to132.在…方面:in …ways=in …aspects/respects/perspectives133.用…方法：in…ways=in…fashion=in …manner134.rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off135.poor = needy = impoverished136.good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous137.bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable138.healthy = robust = sound = wholesome139.surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous140.energetic = dynamic = vigourous =animated141.难的：difficult=troublesome=burdensome=thorny142.不可或缺的：necessary=indispensable=inevitable=irreplaceable=unavoidable 143.重要的：important=crucial, critical, essential, vital144.=be importance=be of cruciality=be of criticality= be of essentiality=be of vitality145.巨大的：large=enormous, tremendous, considerable, appreciable146.正确的（correct）=仔细的(careful)=arduous=assiduous147.有道理的：reasonable=rational and plausible148.吸引人的：attractive=inviting and appealing149.足够的：adequate and sufficient150.日常：daily = day-to-day = everyday151.improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimizeolve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal withs152.153.destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate154.develop = cultivate = foster = nurture155.encourage = motivate = stimulate = spurplete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve157.destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize158.influence= impact159.danger = perils =hazards160.human beings= mankind = humane race161.old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens162.teachers = instructors = educators = lecturerscation = schooling = family parenting = upbringing164.young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents165.responsibility = obligation = duty = liability166.因素：cause, reason=factor, determinant167.联系：relationship(relate A to B) =connection(connect A to B )=association(associate A to B)168.优点：advantage=benefit=superiority=merit = favorableaspects/respects/perspectives=undesirableaspects/respects/perspectives169.disadvantage=detriment=inferiority=defect=deficiency=unfavorableaspects/respects/perspectives=undesirableaspects/respects/perspectives170.enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment171.children = offspring = descendant = kid★高频短语：1.充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for2.从事： 3.embark on = take up = set about = go in for在当代4.: in contemporarysociety = in present-day society= in this day and age a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of 5.对…有益处：6.be good for.=do good to=be beneficial to=be advantageous to=be conducive to7.对…有害处：be harmful/bad for=be detrimental to=be disadvantageous to=be pernicious to8.集中精力于：focus ondevote oneself todedicate oneself tocommit oneself toengage oneself inemploy oneself in9.认为：think = argue, assert, contend, claimmaintain, notehold the viewpoint thathold the standpoint thathold the perspective thatharbour an idea/opinion thatembrace a view that10.反对：be against=reject, object, oppose=be opposed to=become hostile to11.支持：support=take sides with=advocate=lend support to=sing high praise of12.导致：lead to=trigger=result in, bring about, contribute to=give rise to, give birth to, be responsible for13.(归咎于：be ascribed to=be attributed to)14.发展(develop)，提高(increase)，改善(improve)=A 及物动词组 promote, advance, enhance, reinforce名词 promotion, advancement, enhancement, reinforcementprosperflourish, boom, rocket, 不及物动词 =B15.有：负面含义：suffer, run high risk ofhas正面含义：boast, embrace16.中性含义：face=be faced with=be possessed of面临，面对：be faced with=be encountered with=be poised on the brink of 17.破坏：destroy, damage=A decompose, destruct=B endanger, threaten=C impair, decimate, deteriorate=D exercise/practice/perform damage/danger…upon18.阻碍：limit=A restrict, restrain, constrict, constrain=B obstacle, barricade=C smother, curb=D hinder, impede19.下结论：make a conclusion=A draw a conclusion thatreach a conclusion thatarrive at a conclusion that=B hammer a conclusion thatcrystallize a conclusion that20.使用：use=employ, apply, adopt,=resort to21.innovate/ invent22.attend to/ take care of23.balanced/ equitable24.virtual (love)/ simulate25.small-scale小范围/ marginal边缘处的26.dialect方言 accent腔调27.look like/ resemble28.chronic长期的,慢性的—long-term长期的29.on-line /net/ cyber30. solely/ merely/ only31.deplete开采完，耗尽/ exhaustcategory-categorize/ class-classify?32.。