The Five Hypotheses
The acquisition-learning hypothesis The ‘acquisition-learning’ distinction has
already been considered in Chaper9(the role of formal instruction). The distinction lies at the heart of Krashen’s theory. It is applicable to the process of internalizing new L2 knowledge, to storing this knowledge, and also to using it in actual performance. .
The Monitor Model
Song Xuejiao
• Introduction • The Five Hypotheses • Causative Variables Taken into
Account in the Monitor Model • Evaluation
Introduction
Introduction
斯蒂芬•克拉申(Stephen Krashen)1941年出生于美国芝加哥，现为 美国南加州大学荣休教授拉申在20世纪中叶以来提出 的第二语言学习得的“输入假说模式”， 这是近几十年来影响广泛、解释全面又很 具争议性的理论。
Introduction
• He is a linguist, educational researcher, and activist.
• Dr. Krashen has published more than 350 papers and books, contributing to the fields of second language acquisition (SLA), bilingual education, and reading.
• ‘Learning’ occurs as a result of conscious study of the formal properties of the language.
• ‘Learnt’ knowledge is metalinguistic in nature. It is also stored in the left hemisphere, but not necessarily in the language areas; it is available only for controlled processing.
B. In storage, ‘acquired’ knowledge is located in the left hemisphere of the brain (in most users) in the language areas; it is available for automatic processing.
The Five Hypotheses
The ‘acquisition-learning’ distinction
A. ‘Acquisition’ occurs subconsciously as a result of participating in natural communication where the focus is on meaning.
The Five Hypotheses
• In performance, ‘acquired’ knowledge serves as the major source for initiating both the comprehension and utterances.
The Monitor Hypo thesis 监控假说
The Input Hypothesis 语言输入假说
The Affective Filter
Hypothesis 情感过滤假说
The Five Hypotheses
早在1970 年代初克拉申就提出了“监 控模式”(The Monitor Model) ,该模式以 “监控假说（ The Monitor Hypothesis）” 为核心;80 年代中叶,克拉申对之进一步扩 充修订,转为以“输入假说”(The input hypothesis) 为中心,形成了“输入假说模 式”。
Stephen Krashen is professor emeritus at the University of Southern California, who moved from the linguistics department to the faculty of the School of Education in 1994.
The Five Hypotheses
任何科学理论都是 由一系列的 假设组成的
The Five Hypotheses
The Monitor Model
The Acquisition
—Learning
Hypothesis 语言习得学得假说
The Natural Order
Hypothesis 自然顺序假说
• He is credited with introducing various influential concepts and terms in the study of second language acquisition, including the acquisition-learning hypothesis, the input hypothesis, the monitor hypothesis, the affective filter, and the natural order hypothesis.