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成人髋部骨折nice guideline


2.When the patient presents at hospital
6. If a hip fracture complicates or precipitates a terminal illness, consider the role of surgery as part of a palliative care approach. 临终关怀
评估认知障碍、及早确认谵妄
有记忆障碍的患者在谵妄、并发症、死亡率、延长住院天 数等方面面临更高的风险。
谵妄,明显增加住院天数及6个月内的死亡率,同时,使 患者本人、家庭成员、照顾者(医护人员)及其他住院病人 相当苦恼。
2.When the patient presents at hospital
2.When the patient presents at hospital
• 髋部骨折是指股骨近端骨折(proximal femoral fracture, PFF),指发生在股骨头边缘和小转子远端5 cm之内的骨 折。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ 流行病学情况
• 在英国每年有大约70,000到75,000例髋部骨折患者, 医疗卫 生相关花费每年高达20亿英镑。(折合约为30万RMB/人)
• 英国全国髋部骨折数据库报道:约10%的髋部骨折患者 在1个月内死亡,约1/3在12个月内死亡。
• NICE制定指南,设定质量标准,管理国家数据库,为 NHS、当地权威部门和其他组织提供指南。
• /
髋部骨折
入院时
• 股骨颈骨折
入院时
入院时
• 转子下骨折?
入院时
术后
• 全髋
术后
术后
• 病房照片 病人助行器行走
这是我们所有的临床印象吗?
3.analgesia
3.analgesia
• 地位? • Fear of pain is a major concern to them and their relatives. • The best form of analgesia is surgical repair, but there will
2.When the patient presents at hospital
2.When the patient presents at hospital
1. Assess the patient’s pain. 评估疼痛
2.Offer immediate analgesia to patients with suspected hip fracture, including people with cognitive impairment
3.analgesia
1. Assess the patient’s pain:
• –入院时立即行疼痛评估 and • –在初始镇痛后30min内评估and • –每小时进行1次疼痛评估观察 and • –疼痛评估应作为住院期间常规护理监测项目.
3.analgesia
• 30分钟的时间间隔反映了吗啡的药动学/药效学概况及其 活性代谢产物吗啡-6 - 葡萄糖醛酸。
7.Offer patients (or, as appropriate, their carer and/or family) verbal and printed information about treatment and care including: 沟通
• 诊断 • 麻醉方式的选择 • 镇痛及其他药物的选择 • 术式 • 可能的并发症 • 术后如何护理 • 康复计划 • 远期的临床结局
髋部骨折治疗计划
包括以下方面: • 骨科老年疾病专家的评估 • 早期确认患者的康复愿望 • 持续的、协作的多学科会诊 • 快速改善术前健康状况
2.When the patient presents at hospital
5. Actively look for cognitive impairment and keep reassessing patients to identify delirium.
阿米替林 苯海拉明 氯氮卓(利眠宁)
氯丙嗪 地西泮 多虑平 羟嗪(安泰乐) 丙咪嗪
吲哚美辛 哌替啶
2.When the patient presents at hospital
• 谵妄的治疗: (a)适当的诊断检查/管理 (b)平静的安慰,家庭成员的存在,和/或临时保姆 (c)如果必要时,氟哌啶醇0.25〜0.5mg(1/4片) q4h; 若禁忌,使用相同剂量劳拉西泮(氯羟安定)
7.Offer paracetamol every 6 hours postoperatively unless contraindicated.
8.Offer additional opioids if paracetamol alone does not provide sufficient postoperative pain relief.
• 减少谵妄发生:
• 1.中枢神经系统足够的氧供 2.液体/电解质平衡 3.治疗重度疼痛 4.消除不必要的药物 5.调节肠道/膀胱功能 6.足够的营养摄入量 7.早期活动和康复 8.术后主要并发症的防治 9.适当的环境刺激 10.谵妄的治疗
2.When the patient presents at hospital
• 给药15分钟后起效,足够的止痛反应总是30分钟来实现。 • 效果的持续时间各不相同,从2至24小时不等,反射吗啡-
6 - 葡糖苷酸清除和响应中的个体间变异。 • 如果需要进一步的镇痛,随后每小时需要重新评估是合理
的,不仅需要确保一个满意的答复,而且评估任何不良影 响。每小时也有一定的间隔是务实的,符合安全,通用性 好临床实践,并在与CEM的建议。
即时镇痛
3.Offer magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) if hip fracture is suspected despite negative anteroposterior pelvis and lateral hip X-rays. If MRI is not available within 24 hours or is contraindicated, consider computed tomography (CT).
usually be a period when assessment is taking place when some analgesia is needed. • Pain relief is obviously important for simple humanitarian reasons and for acute nursing care, but also improves patients' wellbeing, reduces the risk of delirium, and facilitates the return to mobility and independence. • Prompt and adequate relief of pain has long been identified as a major priority in the management of hip fracture, and one that has not always historically been achieved.
• 大部分死亡是与并发症相关。
• 因此,髋部骨折并不是单纯的手术治疗,需要内科,外科, 麻醉和康复等包括医院到社区的多学科综合治疗。
指南指南推荐的诊疗计划
指南推荐的诊疗计划
• 1.Key priorities for implementation • 2.When the patient presents at hospital • 3.analgesia • 4.surgery • 5.multidisciplinary rehabilitation
9.Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are not recommended.
3.analgesia
3.analgesia
• Cuvillion et. have shown that 2g of intravenous propacetamol (equivalent to 1g intravenous paracetamol ) can be as effective as nerve blocks or morphine in the postoperative phase.
4.Offer paracetamol every 6 hours preoperatively unless contraindicated.
5.Offer additional opioids if paracetamol alone does not provide sufficient preoperative pain relief.
成人髋部骨折:NICE指南
• 英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所(NICE,National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence)
• 是英国国家医疗服务系统(NHS)的组织,设在伦敦和曼 彻斯特。
• NICE成立于1999年4月1日,目标是确保每个英格兰和威 尔士人平等享有NHS医疗的机会。
1.Key priorities for implementation
1.Key priorities for implementation
关键问题: • Timing of surgery • Planning the theatre team • Surgical procedures • Mobilisation strategies • Multidisciplinary management
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