初中英语语法复习导学案——动词的语态
一、知识梳理归纳. 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active V oice）和被动语态（The Passive V oice）。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，例如：Many people speak English . (主动语态) English is spoken by many people. (被动语态) 1、被动语态的构成被动语态由"助动词be +及物动词的过去分词"构成。
助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。
被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：肯定句：主语+ be+ 过去分词+（by…）eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss). 否定句：主语+ be not +过去分词+（by…）eg. I am not invited to the party (by him). 一般疑问句：Be + 主语+过去分词+ （by…）？eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be+主语+过去分词+ （by…）？eg. What is this sweater made of? 现以动词give为例，其被动语态的各种时态如下：
式时一般进行完成现在Am / is /are + given Am/is/are +being + given Have / has +been +given 过去Was / were + given Was / were + being + given Had +been + given 将来Shall/ will be+ given 含情态词的Can / may /must +be +given 2、被动语态的用法：1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
例如：This jacket is made of cotton. English is spoken in many countries in the world. 2）强调动作的承受者时。
如：The boy was saved at last.这个男孩最后得救了。
3. 主动语态变被动语态的步骤: 主动句: The boy broke the window yesterday. 被动句: The window was broken by the boy yesterday. 步骤一：原句中的宾语the window变成主语。
步骤二：谓语动词broke改为被动形式：was broken 步骤三：原句中的主语The boy放在介词by的后面。
步骤四：其他成分如：yesterday不变。
4.主动变被动时应注意1) 主动语态里的宾补若是省略to的动词不定式,变被动时须加to.
2)短语动词时不可分割的整体,在变被动时要保持其完整性,不可少介词或副词.
3)表示感官意义的系动词用主动表被动. 4) 有两个宾语的句子的被动语态： A. 可有两种被动语态的常用动词有：buy，give，leave，lend，offer，pay，teach，tell，show，等。
Eg .He gave me the book just now. →The book was given to me( by him) just now. = I was given the book (by him) just now.
B. 通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有: bring，do，make，pass，sell，send，sing，write，等。
My mother made me a skirt. →A skirt was made (for me) by my mother.
C.若将直接宾语提前,则应在间接宾语前加to或for.加for的动词有buy,cook,make,get等.show,pass,give,lend等则加to. 5)want和need 后加动词的ing形式表被动. 二.例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！三.练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！（一）用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1、Some ideas ______(give) to college students by him yesterday.
2、---Do you like the music "Moonlight"? ---Yes, it ______really beautiful!(sound)
3、He won't come to the party unless Sue ______.(invite) The chair
needs______.(repair) 4、"Quick" is another way of ______"fast".(say) 5、This kind of bike ______in that factory, but you can't buy it now.(make) 6、Cotton ______in the country.(plant) 7、Man-made satellites ______by Chinese people.(send) 8、This kinds of shoes ______out by now.(sell) 9、The room must ______ clean every day.(keep) （二）做复习导引中的相关习题(p92—93) 四.纠错与领悟.。