非谓语动词基本概念及用法一、动词不定式to do 现在分词v-ing 过去分词v-edThinking about these examples:the bridge to be built 将建造的桥, the bridge being built 正在建造的桥,the bridge built已经建好的桥二、谓语与非谓语的比较非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。
汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。
如：他明天来拜访你。
翻译成英语不是He will come visit you，而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了不定式to visit。
因此同学们要特别注意弄清句子的结构。
例：Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time.A. to standB. standingC. stoodD. wouldstand分析：stood是与sat并列的谓语。
Exercise：找出“非谓语动词”，并判断作何成分To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.It is not an easy thing to master a language.My suggestion is to start work at once.They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.Have you anything to declare?He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly.Did you see anyone enter the house?He saw his father talking with his teacher.I once heard him sing this song.The boss made them work from morning till night.They were made to work from morning till night.The situation is encouraging.She looked disappointed.They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south.The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was builtin 1955.Is this the book recommended by our teacher?The meeting held last week is very important.The meeting being held is very important.The meeting to be held next week is very important.Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting.被动sth.feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride 一.作主语表示经常性，常用动名词作主语，表示某一次，常用动词不定式作主语，有时为了对称，主语，宾语（或表语）要么都用不定时，要么都用动名词1.___ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk2. To answer correctly is more important than _____.A. that you finish quicklyB. finishing quicklyC. to finish quicklyD. finishquickly答案: 1.B 2.C考点1.动名词的完成式一般不做主语1)It was ____ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to havespent on his lessons.（D为什么不行？）A. to have playedB. playingC. playedD. having played2)________ the homework made his father lose his temper. （但复合结构可以）A. The boy’s not having doneB. The boy not having doneC. The boy’s having not doneD. The boy having not done答案: 1.B 2.A二.作宾语动词不定式和动名词都可作宾语考点2.有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语这类及物动词常见的有：agree (同意) , ask (请、要) , attempt (试图) , afford 付得起 agree 同意 ask 要求apply 申请care (想要) , choose (决定、要) , decide (决定) , desire (希望) , determine (决心) , help 帮助expect (期望) , fail (未能) , hope (希望) , intend (打算) , learn (学习) , manage (设法) , offer (愿意) , plan (计划、打算) , pretend (假装) , refuse (拒绝、谢绝) , wish (希望)等等 promise 答应want 想要 wish 希望考点3.有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语下列动词习惯上可接动名词作宾语，但不能接不定式作宾语：admit 承认 advise 建议 allow 允许 appreciate 感激avoid 避免 consider 考虑delay 推迟 deny 否认discuss 讨论dislike 不喜欢 enjoy 喜爱 escape 逃脱excuse 原谅 fancy 设想 finish 完成 forbid 禁止forgive 原谅give up 放弃imagine 想像keep 保持mention 提及mind 介意 miss 没赶上pardon 原谅permit 允许 practise 练习prevent 阻止?摇prohibit 禁止put off 推迟report 报告 risk 冒险stop 停止suggest 建议understand 理解 feel like想做某事考点4.有些动词即可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意思上有差别forget ，remember跟动名词作宾语，记得还是忘了以前做的事。
跟不定式，还未作mean to do, 打算作某事；mean doing, 意味着try to do , 尽力作某事；try doing, 尝试着作某事want / need/ require doing sth, 表示被动；regret doing sth. 对做过的某事表示后悔；regret to say, 很抱歉的说like/ hate doing, 经常性的， like/ hate to do, 特定的某一次be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事，used to do 过去经常做某事 be used to do被用来做can’t help doing=can’t help but do 忍不住做某事 can’t help ( to) do 不能帮助做某事stop doing 停止正在做着的某事； stop to do停下来做别的事情go on doing继续做原来做的事 go on to do接着干别的事情forbid/allow doing something; forbid/ allow somebody to do something考点5.except, but后跟不定式时，如果前面有实意动词do的形式，不用to, 否则要带to1)There is nothing to do except ___ till it stops snows.A. to waitB. waitingC. waitD. waits2)Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but ___ the flowing ofthe smog around me. A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to enjoy答案: 1. C 2.A三.作表语考点6.表示将来某一次时常用动词不定式作表语，表示经常性性时常用动名词作表语( 表示某一次，如果主语中有do时，不定式省略to)1)Her wish is __________ an engineer.A. becomingB. becomeC. to becomeD. being come2)Some people’s greatest pleasure is __________.A. fishingB. to fishC. to be fishingD. being fish3)What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was ___ the joy withall the Chinese. 4) A. share B. shared C. having shared D. about to share答案: 1.C 2.A 3.A 考点7.Remain to be done 还有待于，还要看---1)It remains _____ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.A. seenB. to be seenC. seeingD. to see2)Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen答案: 1.B 2.B四.作定语现在分词，过去分词，动词不定式都可作定语，作定语时，看与所修饰词之间的关系如果构成主动关系，（表正在进行），用现在分词如果构成被动关系，（已完成），用过去分词表将来具体某一次，用动词不定式：动名词作定语，表功能，如 a swimming pool, a swimming fish, 前者为动名词，后者为现在分词五.作状语非谓语作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系。