非谓语动词( 2015届高三. 咏华)非谓语动词就是在句中不作谓语的动词, 有动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed分词。

一.非谓语动词的形式变化(结合前面的“时态和语态”专题，推测非谓语动词的各种时态和语态相结合的二．分析下列各组句子，划出非谓语部分，判断非谓语在句中充当的成分，总结非谓语动词在句中充当同一种成分时的用法及区别。

1．①Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。

②To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

③To obey the law is important. = It is important to obey the law.④It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。

归纳：作主语●通常，v-ing表抽象的或习惯性的动作，不定式表具体的或一次性的将来动作。

●不定式和v-ing作主语常放在句末，主语位置用形式主语it，即It + is/was +adj./n.（如：easy/difficult/(im)possible/likely/good/a good idea等）+ to do sth.但It + is/was + 某些adj./n. (worth/useless/no use/no good/of little use/ of little good) + v-ing. 2．①The story is interesting.②My job is teaching. (= Teaching is my job.)③I am deeply devoted to education.④The window is broken.⑤My dream is to be admitted into an ideal university.归纳：作表语●v-ing 表主语（物）的性质（令人…….的）或内容；●v-ed 表主语（人）的情感（感到…….的）或所处的状态；●不定式表将来动作，在表“目的aim/goal/purpose、愿望wish/hope、梦想dream、需求demand”等的名词作主语时其表语用不定式。

3.①Shall we go to the swimming pool ?②This is an interesting story.③The excited fans are shouting and waving to the film star.④China is a developing country while America is a developed country.⑤I have a lot of papers to type.⑥She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize.⑦Mary is the best person to do the job.⑧The question being discussed now is very important.= The question which is being discussed now is very important.⑨ We have read many novels written by this author.=We have read many novels which were written by this author.归纳：作定语●v-ing 表被修饰的名词/代词（物）的性质（令人…….的），表动作的主动或进行，表被修饰名词的用途；v-ed表被修饰名词（人）的情感（感到…….的），表动作的被动或完成；不定式表将来的动作，序数词或最高级等后常用不定式作定语●v-ing短语、v-ed短语和不定式放在被修饰名词/代词的后面，作后置定语；其中，v-ing短语、v-ed短语作后置定语时，相当于一个定语从句。

4.①Mary often goes back to her hometown to visit her grandparents.②I’m so glad to see you here.③Jack was too busy to have his hair cut.④He came back home only to find his home stolen.⑤ They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.⑥ Having been shown around the lab, we were taken to see the school library.= After we had been shown around the lad, we were taken to see the school library.⑦ A heavy storm hit the area, causing a great loss to the local people.⑧ Confused by the problem, he decided to turn to his teacher for help.= As he was confused by the problem, he decided to … .⑨ Seen from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.=When it is seen from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.⑩ United as one, we won’t be defeated.= Once we are united as one, we won’t be defeated.归纳：作状语●v-ing（短语）和句子的主语构成主动关系，v-ed（短语）和句子的主语构成被动关系；●v-ing（短语）和v-ed（短语）可做时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语，相当于对应的状语从句，还可在做方式或伴随状语，v-ing做结果状语时，表自然而然的结果；不定式可做目的状语（to do/ in order to do/ so as to do）、原因状语（放在作表语的表情感的形容词后）、结果主语（too…to…; only to do…则表意外的结果）。

5．①He promised to keep the secret for you.②I suggest organizing a student group to help each other.③I heard of his having been chosen to be coach of the team.④I’d like to make a suggestion. = I feel like making a suggestion.⑤The TV set needs to be repaired. = The TV set needs repairing.⑥She forgot having paid the money.≠She forgot to pay the money.⑦He feels it a duty to help the disabled.归纳：作宾语●介词+ v-ing （v.）;vt. + v-ing : 可带v-ing做宾语的vt.有“学英语，很容易；坚持（insist/keep）练习（practise）不逃避(escape)；建议(suggest)完成(finish)少延期(delay/put off)；享受(enjoy)忍受(stand)不介意(mind)；避免(avoid)否定(deny)与妒忌(envy)；思考(consider)冒险(risk)想象(imagine)力；承认(admit)错过(miss)原谅(forgive)你。

”另有appreciate, resist等。

动词短语+ v-ing：词类动词短语有can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, insist on,set about, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, adapt to 等● vt. + to do: 可带不定式做宾语的vt.有“要想干，同意办，成与不成，愿意愿意，决定尽量干”。

“想要/希望/要求”: want, wish, hope, expect, intend, demand“同意” : agree, promise, afford “成/不成”: fail, manage “意愿”: care, refuse “决定/企图”: choose, plan, decide, determine, offer, try, attempt, pretend● vt. + v-ing ≈ vt. + to do , 此类vt.有begain, start, like, hate, prefer, continue;sth. need/require/want to be done = sth. need/require/want doing● vt. + v-ing ≠ vt. + to do 此类vt.有 stop , remember, forget, regret, try, mean, go on, can ’thelp (可参考《名师金典》)6．① I found the film interesting.② I found the students interested in the film.③ I heard the song sung in English.④ I often hear her sing in English. (比较：She is often heard to sing in English.)⑤ I felt my heart beating violently. (比较：My heart was felt beating violently.)⑥ We can make water power produce electricity.(比较: Water power can be made to produce electricity.)⑦ I expect them to win the game.归纳：作 补 语（宾语补足语 & 主语补足语）● v-ing 表被修饰的宾语（物）的性质（令人…….的），表动作的主动或进行;v-ed 表被修饰的宾语（人）的情感（感到…….的），表动作的被动或完成；ask/beg, expect, get/ tell/order, want/wish, inspire/encourage, allow/permit, forbid,force … + sb. + to do sth .使役动词&感官动词 + sb. + do sth.(强调动作已完成) (变为被动句时，要还原成to do sth.) 三. 代词（物）的性质（令人…….的），表动作的主动或进行; v-ed 可表被修饰的名词（人）的情感（感到…….的），表动作的被动或完成； 不定式可表将来的动作。