非谓语动词基本概念及用法一、动词不定式to do 现在分词v-ing 过去分词v-edThinking about these examples:the bridge to be built 将建造的桥,the bridge being built 正在建造的桥,the bridge built 已经建好的桥二、谓语与非谓语的比较非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。

汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。

如：他明天来拜访你。

翻译成英语不是He will come visit you，而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了不定式to visit。

因此同学们要特别注意弄清句子的结构。

例：Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, __________up in no time.A. to standB. standingC. stoodD. would stand分析：stood是与sat并列的谓语。

Exercise：找出“非谓语动词”，并判断作何成分To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.It is not an easy thing to master a language.My suggestion is to start work at once.They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.Have you anything to declare?He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly.Did you see anyone enter the house?He saw his father talking with his teacher.I once heard him sing this song.The boss made them work from morning till night.They were made to work from morning till night.The situation is encouraging.She looked disappointed.They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south.The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built in 1955.Is this the book recommended by our teacher?The meeting held last week is very important.The meeting being held is very important.The meeting to be held next week is very important.Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting.语态被动做宾语的非谓语动词比较mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resistfeel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, g et down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to一. 作主语表示经常性，常用动名词作主语，表示某一次，常用动词不定式作主语，有时为了对称，主语，宾语（或表语）要么都用不定时，要么都用动名词1.___ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk2. To answer correctly is more important than _____.A. that you finish quicklyB. finishing quicklyC. to finish quicklyD. finishquickly考点1. 动名词的完成式一般不做主语1)It was ____ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to havespent on his lessons.（D为什么不行？）A. to have playedB. playingC. playedD. having played2)________ the homework made his father lose his temper. （但复合结构可以）A. The boy’s not having doneB. The boy not having doneC. The boy’s having not doneD. The boy having not done二.作宾语动词不定式和动名词都可作宾语考点2.有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语这类及物动词常见的有：考点3.有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语下列动词习惯上可接动名词作宾语，但不能接不定式作宾语：考点4.有些动词即可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意思上有差别forget ，remembermeantrywant / need/ require doing sth,regretlike/ hatebe/get used tocan’t helpstopgo onforbid/allow考点5.except, but后跟不定式时，如果前面有实意动词do的形式，不用to, 否则要带to1)There is nothing to do except ___ till it stops snows.A. to waitB. waitingC. waitD. waits2)Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but ___ the flowing of thesmog around me. A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to enjoy三. 作表语考点6. 表示将来某一次时常用动词不定式作表语，表示经常性性时常用动名词作表语( 表示某一次，如果主语中有do时，不定式省略to)1)Her wish is __________ an engineer.A. becomingB. becomeC. to becomeD. being come2)Some people’s greatest pleasure is __________.A. fishingB. to fishC. to be fishingD. being fish3)What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was ___ the joywith all the Chinese.4) A. share B. shared C. having shared D. about to share考点7. Remain to be done 还有待于，还要看---1)It remains _____ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.A. seenB. to be seenC. seeingD. to see2)Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____ whether theywill enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen四. 作定语现在分词，过去分词，动词不定式都可作定语，作定语时，看与所修饰词之间的关系如果构成主动关系，（表正在进行），用现在分词如果构成被动关系，（已完成），用过去分词表将来具体某一次，用动词不定式：动名词作定语，表功能，如 a swimming pool, a swimming fish, 前者为动名词，后者为现在分词五. 作状语非谓语作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系。

和句子主语构成主动关系时，用现在分词作状语，如：1)The secretary worked all night long, ____ a long speech for the president.A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing和句子主语构成被动关系时，用过去分词作状语，如：2)____ to hospital in time, the wounded soldiers were saved at last.A. TakenB. TakingC. Having takenD. Being taken表示“为了…”，常用不等式作状语，这时，状语动词动作发生时间与句子谓语动作时间相比，是将来，例如：3)___ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleepB. SleepingC. SleepD. Having slept考点8. 结果状语现在分词作结果状语时，表示一种自然的结果动词不定时作结果状语，表示一种出乎意料的结果1)The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texas as it returned to the earthon February1, 2003, ____ all seven astronauts abroad.A. having killedB. killingC. being killedD. killed2)I went to see him, ____ him out.A. findingB. findC. only to findD. to finding3)【10江苏】28. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damagedby the earthquake in Yushu, ________the students to return to their classrooms. wA. enablingB. having enabledC. to enableD. to have enabled考点9. 目的状语动词不定式常作目的状语1)【2011浙江卷】19. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour aroundthe city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.A. being cheeredB. be cheeredC. to be cheeredD. were cheered2)【2011重庆卷】29. More TV programs, according to government to officials, will beproduced _______people’s concern over food safety.A.to raiseB. raisingC. to have raisedD. having raised考点10. Have--- in doing句式Have difficulty/trouble/a problem/ a good time/a bad time in doing something 中in 可以省略，此时-ing为现在分词，相当于时间状语1)You can never imagine what difficulty I have ____ your house.A. foundB. findingC. to findD. for finding2)Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ____ the exam.A. passB. to passC. passedD. passing3)【08四川卷’14】We had an anxious couple of weeks _____ for the results of theexperiment. A. wait B. to be waiting C. waited D. waiting六. 作补语：非谓语动词作补语时，要看其与句子宾语之间的关系考点11.和宾语构成被动关系时，用过去分词作补语，1)The traffic problem we are looking forward to seeing__ should have attracted thelocal government’s attention .A. solvingB. solvedC. to solveD. solve2)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year.A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out考点12. 和宾语构成主动关系时，用现在分词作补语，catch somebody doing something逮住某人做某事Leave somebody doing somethingFind somebody doing somethingKeep somebody doing something考点13. 动词不定式作宾补甲. 一感二听看有五，let, make, have后面宾补不带to即：feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, observe, notice, look at；,后不带to不过感官动词后也可跟现在分词作宾语，表示看到听到时动作正在进行；跟省略to 的不定式作宾补时，强调看到听到了整个过程或事实例：I saw him run into the building. (整个过程)just then, I heard someone calling for help.(正在进行)乙. 常用带to 的不定式做宾补的动词want/ would like/ask/tell/get somebody to do something丙. Help 后面宾补可以带to也可不带to(其后直接跟宾语时，带to不带to均可She often helps her mother ( to) do house work.She often helps ( to) do house work.丁. 作宾补时主动语态中不带to的变为被动时要带to1)--Why did you sell this old TV at such a low price?--I did only because I was made ____ do so.A. doB. to doC. doingD. to doing2)Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning3). The areoplane was noticed __________ at six.A. take offB. to take offC. get offD. to get off2.Have 后宾补的几种情况Have somebody do something 让某人做某事Have somebody doing something让某人一直做某事Have something done请别人做某事1)Why do you have the water __________ all the time?A. ranB. to be runningC. runningD. being running2)You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ____ often enough.A. explainingB. to explainC. explainD. explained3)Who did the teacher have ___ an article for the wall newspaper just now?A. writingB. writeC. to writeD. written4)【08上海春卷’39】If we have illegal immigrants ________ in, many local workerswill lose their jobsA. cameB. comingC. to comeD. having come5)【2011陕西卷】14.Claire had luggage _______ an hour before her plane left.A. checkB. checkingC. to checkD. checked七. 非谓语的完成式动词不定式、现在分词都有完成式。