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•)目录前言第一章语言学派翻译理论1.罗曼·雅科布逊论翻译的语言学问题2.彼得·纽马克交际翻译与语义翻译(Ⅱ)3.约翰·卡特福德论翻译转换4.尤金·奈达论对等原则5.巴兹尔·哈蒂姆互文介入：利用翻译中缺省语篇的理论体系6.玛丽·斯奈尔—霍恩比翻译：一种跨文化活动第二章阐释学派翻译理论7.乔治·斯坦纳阐释的步骤8.安托瓦纳·贝尔曼翻译及对异的考验第三章功能学派翻译理论9.凯瑟琳娜·莱斯翻译的抉择：类型、体裁及文本的个性10.汉斯·弗米尔翻译行为中的目的与委任11.克里斯汀娜·诺德目的、忠诚及翻译中的惯例第四章文化学派翻译理论12.詹姆斯·霍尔姆斯翻译学的名与实13.伊塔玛·埃文—佐哈翻译文学在文学多元系统中的地位14.吉迪恩·图里描述性翻译研究的理论基础15.安德烈·勒菲弗尔大胆妈妈的黄瓜：文学理论中的文本、系统和折射16.苏珊·巴斯奈特文化研究的翻译转向17.西奥·赫曼斯翻译研究及其新范式第五章解构学派翻译理论18.瓦尔特·本雅明译者的任务19.雅克·德里达巴别塔之旅20.保罗·德曼评本雅明的《译者的任务》21.劳伦斯·韦努蒂文化身份的塑造第六章女性主义翻译理论22.雪莉·西蒙翻译理论中的性别化立场23.劳丽·钱伯伦性别与翻译的隐喻24.巴巴拉·格达德女性主义话语／翻译的理论化25.冯·弗罗托女性主义翻译理论批评第七章后殖民翻译理论26.道格拉斯·罗宾逊后殖民研究与翻译研究27.特佳斯维妮·尼南贾纳翻译的定位28.盖亚特里·斯皮瓦克翻译的政治29.埃尔斯·维埃拉解放卡利班们——论食人说与哈罗德·德·坎波斯的超越／越界性创造诗学第八章苏东学派翻译理论30.安德烈·费奥多罗夫翻译理论的任务31.吉维·加切奇拉泽文学翻译中的创造性原则32.吉里·列维翻译是一个作选择的过程33.安娜·丽洛娃翻译研究的范畴Translation Theory(2007-09-29 14:13:41)标签：学习公社translationenglishtheoryTranslation TheoryBy Juan Daniel Pérez VallejoTranslation teacher,University of Cd. Del Carmen, Campeche, MexicoThe study of proper principle of translation is termed as translation theory. This theory, based on a solid foundation on understanding of how languages work, translation theory recognizes that different languages encode meaning in differing forms, yet guides translators to find appropriate ways of preserving meaning, while using the most appropriate forms of each language. Translation theory includes principles fortranslating figurative language, dealing with lexical mismatches, rhetorical questions, inclusion of cohesion markers, and many other topics crucial to good translation. Basically there are two competing theories of translation. In one,the predominant purpose is to express as exactly as possible the full force and meaning of every word and turn of phrase in the original, and in the other the predominant purpose is to produce a result that does not read like a translation at all, but rather moves in its new dress with the same ease as in its native rendering. In the hands of a good translator neither of these two approaches can ever be entirely ignored. Conventionally, it is suggested that in order to perform their job successfully, translators should meet three important requirements; they should be familiar with: the source languagethe target languagethe subject matterBased on this premise, the translator discovers the meaning behind the forms in the source language and does his best to produce the same meaning in the target language - using the forms and structures of the target language. Consequently, what is supposed to change is the form and the code and what should remain unchanged is the meaning and the message. (Larson, 1984)One of the earliest attempts to establish a set of major rules or principles to be referred to in literary translation was made by F rench translator and humanist Étienne Dolet, who in 1540 formulated the following fundamental principles of translation ("La Manière de Bien Traduire d’une Langue en Aultre"), usually regarded as providing rules of thumb for the practicing translator:The translator should understand perfectly the content and intention of the author whom he is translating. The principal way to reach it is reading all the sentences or the text completely so that you can give the idea that you want to say in the target language because the most important characteristic of this technique is translating the message as clearly and natural as possible. If the translation is for different countries besidesMexico, the translator should use the cultural words of that country. For example if he/she has to translate ”She is unloyal with her husband” in this country it can be translated as “Ella le pone los cuernos” but in Peru it can be translated as “Ella le pone los cachos”. In this case it is really important the cultural words beca use if the translator does not use them correctly the translation will be misunderstood. The translator should have a perfect knowledge of the language from which he is translating and an equally excellent knowledge of the language into which he is translating. At this point the translator must have a wide knowledge in both languages for getting the equivalence in the target language, because the deficiency of the knowledge of both languages will result in a translation without logic and sense. For example if you translate the following sentence “Are you interested in sports?” as “¿Estás interesado en deportes?” the translation is wrong since the idea of this question in English is “¿Practicas algún deporte?”The translator should avoid the tendency to translate word by word, because doing so is to destroy the meaning of the original and to ruin the beauty of the expression_r. This point is very important and one of which if it is translated literally it can transmit another meaning or understanding in the translation.For example in the sentence.- “In this war we have to do or die”, if we translate literally “En esta guerra tenemos que hacer o morir” the message is unclear. The idea is, (.) “En esta guerra tenemos que vencer o morir.”The translator should employ the forms of speech in common usage. The translator should bear in mind the people to whom the translation will be addressed and use words that can be easily understood.Example. “They use a sling to lift the pipes” if the translation is to be read by specialists we would translate it “Utilizan una eslinga para levantar la tubería”. If the text is to be read by people who are not specialists we would rather translate it “Utilizan una cadena de suspension para levantar los tubos”.。