动名词《语法讲解》一、动名词的句法功能动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。

(一)、作主语1）直接位于句首做主语。

Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。

Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。

〖注意〗：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数2）用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。

It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。

式）。

3）动名词的复合结构作主语当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。

动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。

例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。

Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。

（二）、作宾语（1）作动词的宾语*某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。

常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stan d, put off, give up等。

如：Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗？She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。

Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。

*在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider… + it （形式宾语）+ no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）.I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。

Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有好处吗？*形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。

The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。

（2）作介词的宾语*能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out,insist on, be/get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend…(in), feel like, prefer…to…, instead of, in case of等等。

We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。

Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活？Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English?（三）、作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。

表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。

Your task is cleaning the windows. (Cleaning the windows is your task.)What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) （四）、作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。

如：a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walkinga washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing二、动名词的复合结构带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。

当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。

其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。

动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。

如：Her coming to help encouraged all of us.(=That she came to help encouraged all of us.)Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。

(=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。

如：Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗？The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。

His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。

例：I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you’re calling（Key：C；换成your calling也对）在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语：a.无命名词The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗？c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 三、动名词的时态和语态1、动名词一般式：表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生的动作。

I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。

Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。

2、动名词的完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。

I don’t remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。

Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 谢谢你费力帮忙。

（二）语态动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。

（1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其后发生。

如：I don’t like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。

He came in without being asked. 没有谁请他进来他自己进来了。

（2）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。

如：I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal.（3）在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎是一种强大的习惯。

如：Excuse me for being late. 我来晚了请你原谅。

I don’t remember ever meeting somewhere. 我记不得原来在什么地方见过。

Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。

四、动名词的否定式：not + V.ingI regret not being able to help you. 我很抱歉不能帮助你。

I apologize for not having waited for you. 没有等你，我向你表示歉意。

《语法练习》Ⅰ、单项选择：1.No one enjoys _______ at.A. laughingB. to laughC. being laughedD. to be laughed2.You must do something to prevent your house _______.A. to be broken inB. from being broken inC. to break inD. from breaking in3.They insisted on _______ another chance to try.A. givenB. givingC. being givenD. to be given4. --- Where is my passport? I remember _______ it here.--- You shouldn't have left it here. Remember _______ it with you all the time.A. to put；to takeB. putting；takingC. putting；to takeD. to put；taking5.His room needs _______, so he must have it _______.A. painting；paintedB. painted；paintingC. painting；paintingD. painted；painted6.After finishing his homework he went on _______ a letter to his parents.A. writeB. writingC. wroteD. to write7.The young trees we planted last week require _______ with great care.A. looking afterB. to look afterC. to be looked afterD. taken good care of8.Only _______ English doesn't mean _______ the language.A. to learn；to learnB. learning；learningC. learning about；learnD. learning about；learning9.She returned home only to find the door open and something _______.A. missedB. to be missingC. missingD. to be missed10.She decided to devote herself _______ the problem of old age.A. to studyB. studyingC. to studyingD. study11.Remember _______ the newspaper when you have finished it.A. putting backB. put backC. to put backD. be put back12.As she is looking forward to _______ from me, please remember _______ this letter on your way to school.A. hear；postB. hearing；to postC. be heard；postingD. be hearing；to posting13.Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _______ your handwriting.A. to readB. to seeC. reading C. in seeing14.Writing stories and articles _______ what I enjoy most.A. isB. areC. wasD. were15.We appreciate _______ us to the ball.A. them to inviteB. to inviteC. their invitingD. being invited16.Would you mind _______ quiet for a moment? I'm trying _______ a form.A. keeping；filling outB. to keep；to fill outC. keeping；to fill outD. to keep；filling out17.He was afraid _______ for being late.A. of seeingB. of being seenC. to be seenD. to have seen18.I'd like to suggest _______ the meeting till next week.A. to put offB. putting offC. put offD. to be put off19.I don't see how I could possibly manage _______ the work without _______.A. finish；helpingB. to finish；being helpedC. finishing；helpingD. finishing；being helped20. Anything worth _______ is worthy of _______ well.A. doing；being doneB. doing；doingC. to be done；to be doneD. to be done；being done21. We advised them to take a re 159 st, but they insisted _______ the work.A. finishB. to finishC. in finishingD. on finishing22. I delayed _______ your letter because I had been away for a week.A. answe 1ab1 rB. answeringC. writingD. to post23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape _______ by the police.A. to be caughtB. be caughtC. being caughtD. catching24. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. At first, I thought I _______ it at home. Then I remembered _______ it out to pay for the taxi.A. must have left；to takeB. may leave；takingC. might leave；to takeD. could have left；taking25. _______ the news of his father's death, he burst into tears.A. After hearingB. On hearingC. While hearingD. Having heard26. _______ his mother, the baby could not help _______.A. To see；to laughB. Seeing；to laughC. Seeing；laughingD. To see；laughing27.It's no use _______ so much money on clothes.A. spendB. spentC. spendingD. being spent28.The sentence needs _______.A. improveB. a improvementC. improvingD. improved29.If he succeeded _______ a job, his children wouldn't be suffering from hunger now.A. to findB. to look forC. in findingD. in looking for30.I still remember _______ to my home town when I was young.A. takingB. takenC. being takenD. to takeⅡ、填入动名词的适当形式：1.Can you imagine yourself _______ in a lonely island? (stay)2.I can't understand your _______ at that poor child. (laugh)3.She didn't mind _______ overtime. (work)4.To make a living, he tried _______, _______, and various other things, but he had failed in all. (write; paint)5.We are looking forward to Mary's _______. (come)6.She was praised for _______ the life of the child. (save)7.She ought to be praised instead of _______. (criticize).8.Is there any possibility of our _______ the championship? (win)9.He came to the party without _______. (invite)Ⅲ、将下列句子译成英语：1.我最喜欢的运动是游泳.______________________________________________________________________ 2.今天去没有用, 他不会在家.______________________________________________________________________ 3.你写完作文了吗?______________________________________________________________________ 4.请原谅我来晚了.______________________________________________________________________ 5.他不声不响地走了进来.______________________________________________________________________ 6.他走进来了, 没有被看见.______________________________________________________________________ Ⅳ、完形填空When we talk about a bad man, we like to call him a “wolf”. But is it really true that the wolf stands for devil and ugliness？Have you read the book “The Wolf Totem” by a famous writer Jiang Rong, which tells the story of the relationship between wolves and human beings? Have you ever 1 the wolves' world? If you had, you would 2 the wolves.In the book, wolves are heroes on the large grassland. They know more about 3 than humans. They can attack lambs without disturbing their mothers. They also know how to 4 full use of the shape of land to 5 sheep. I believe that if wolves were humans, they would be 6 experts good at fighting.The wolf is a kind of special creature that can deeply understand 7 . Each wolf serves its group with its heart and soul. A 8 wolf has little power, but a pack of wolves 9 nothing. All the wolves obey the rules. 10 they are defeated, they run away together. It is their teamwork 11 makes wolves powerful.The wolves also have great self-respect and won't 12to anyone. The writer, who wrote the book “The Wolf Totem”,13 stole a one-month-old baby wolf and raised it very carefully. To his 14 , he found the little wolf still wanted to go back with 15 wolves. He bit through the iron chain that limited him. The wolf was 16 and he never gave in, fighting 17 his death. The little wolf died as a glorious fighter.I was shocked by this kind of 18 : wolves are one of the most respected creatures on earth. I want everyone to look at wolves in a 19way. They are our teachers. They show us how to survive and 20 in this not simple and dangerous world. Please honor the wolves, please honor all these heroes of nature!1. A. talked about B. walked into C. thought about D. cared for2. A. hunt B. admire C. draw D. watch3. A. space B. spot C. food D. survival4. A. make B. take C. have D. get5. A. fight B. avoid C. trap D. discover6. A. special B. imaginative C. outstanding D. creative7. A. operation B. teamwork C. lifestyle D. control8. A. single B. brave C. lonely D. fair9. A. fight B. struggle C. fear D. fail10. A. As for B. As though C. Even so D. Even if11. A. what B. he C. that D. one12. A. turn in B. give in C. take in D. break in13. A. once B. just C. soon D. only14. A. satisfaction B. disappointment C. pleasure D. sorrow15. A. rest B. others C. another D. the other16. A. proud B. satisfied C. willing D. eager17. A. until B. although C. before D. unless18. A. selflessness B. self-confidence C. self-respect D. self-protection19. A. curious B. different C. strange D. humorous20. A. walk B. hand C. get D. SucceedⅣ:阅读理解A 篇IS IT TIME TO GET MP3?Your computer has been playing music for years, one CD at a time. Now hundreds of songs can be stored in your PC (personal computer) if they’re in the MP3 format.What is it?MP3 compresses music into small computer friendly files. You access MP3 music several ways : Music can be downloaded from websites that have converted vast music libraries into MP3. Or you can prerecord CDs into your PC and convert songs in minutes into MP3. Once MP3 music is on your PC’s hard drive, you can play it through your computer’s speakers, “burn” it onto blank CDs or exchange MP3 files with friends using E-mail.How much?Software needed to play and convert MP3 music is often free. It comes preinstalled on most new computers or can be downloaded from many websites, including MP3. com. Some MP3 sites are free. Just type “MP3 sites” into any search engine. The popular MP3 players start at around $50and can hold hundreds of songs. A blank CD on which you can record music costs about a dollar.AdvantagesMP3 turns your home PC into a tape recorder. Tiny MP3 players are the size of a card, making it easy to take hundreds of songs with you.DisadvantagesYou may find that music at many sites is limited. And some only allow you to listen rather than download offerings. Others let you download music that then can’t be copied to MP3 players. And a growing number of new CDs make it impossible to copy songs to a computer.1. How can you get MP3 music?A. By turning your home PC into a tape recorderB. By taking your own music or songs with youC. By copying songs to a PC through the speakers.D. By downloading from websites which have converted music libraries into MP3.2. Which is NOT true to the passage?A. Software needed to play and convert MP3 music is often free of charge.B. MP3 music can be with friends by e-mail.C. MP3 music can be downloaded for free at any site.D. A greater number of new CDs make it possible to copy songs to a computer.3.The underlined word “burn” probably means_____.A. fireB. changeC. downloadD. play4. How much will you pay for a MP3 player?A. Free of charge.B. Free downloading.C. At least fifty dollars.D. About a dollar.B篇Tokyo: The world’s oldest man, retired Japanese silkworm breeder Yukichi Chuganji, died in his home at the age of 114, on Monday. Family members found him dead on his mattress. Born on March 23, 1889, Chuganji worked as a silkworm breeder and bank employee after leaving school. He also served as a community welfare(福利) officer. He had been in god health, talking daily with his family members.Washington: Ev ery American dislikes people who talk on cell phones while driving, even those who do that kind of act. In the State of New Jersey, 84 percent of 968 cell phone owners said in recent telephone survey that they would support a state ban(禁令) on the use of cell phones while driving. However, 42 percent of cell phone owners also said they used the devices “very often” or “sometimes” while driving. Although most agree that the banning is good, only 38 percent believed such a ban would be easy to enforce(实施).New York: A woman in the US who was being attacked by a dog said she was saved from further harm when her 13-year-old daughter distracted the dog by screaming “You want a piece of me?” and kicked it repeatedly in the head. Jan e Howell said she and her daughter, Elizabeth, were taking a walk around the neighborhood on Saturday evening when they came across he big dog, unchained.6. The main idea of the second news is _____.A. most Americans don’t like cell phoneB. a ban on the use of cell phones has been madeC. few people use cell phones while drivingD. using cell phones while driving will be banned because most Americans don’t like it7. The woman in the US____.A. was not harmed by the dogB. raised the dog, which attacked her laterC. was protected from being seriously hurt by her daughterD. had escaped when her daughter was kicking the dog8. From the news we can infer ____.A. Chuganji was living alone when he diedB. the woman’s 13-year-old daughter was very braveC. cell phones are not god devicesD. it’s easy to enforce the ban n the use of cell phones while driving。