高中英语语法专题讲解词性、成分与句子结构（一）词性一、四大词性与句子结构紧密相关1. 名词：主语、宾语、表语、同位语2. 动词：谓语3. 形容词：定语、表语、补语4. 副词：状语二、其他词性1. 代词：主宾表2. 疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which（主宾语，两个例外）when, where, why, how（状）（二）句子成分主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表、同位。
句子成分口诀：主谓宾，定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。
主干成分主谓宾，枝叶成分定状补。
定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。
状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。
基本成分主谓宾，连带成分定状补。
主语宾语adj.物主代词（定语）n.物主代词（主宾表）反身代词（宾表）我I me my mine myself我们we us our ours ourselves你you you your yours yourself你们you you your yours yourselves他he him his his himself她she her her hers herself它it it its its itself他们they them their theirs themselvesNo news is good news. 没消息就是好消息。
一、主语：句子开头的、动词/助动词或be 之前的那个成分。
充当主语的有：名词、代词、名词短语、动词不定式、动名词、从句。
I like dancing.The girl is very smart.Xiao Ming would go to the countryside to see his grandpa.二、谓语：主语后面的动词或动词词组。
She made a speech at the meeting.The old man took care of the kid many years ago.Flight 258 is taking off.三、宾语（由名词、代词、名词短语、动词不定式、动名词、从句充当）：牢记两个词：动宾、介宾1. 动宾：及物动词之后的宾语。
Lao Wang is playing the piano in the sitting room.2. 介宾：介词之后的宾语。
Tom is interested in the movie.The teacher gave us some tips on how to learn English well.注意：句子成分的分析，整体把握即可，没必要纠缠于每一个词分别做什么成分。
四、定语：1. 形容词修饰名词：Many people have a smart phone.It is a beautiful village.2. 形容词修饰不定代词时后置：（something，anything，nothing，someone 等）There is nothing serious.3. 不定式做定语时后置：I have nothing to do now.He thought of an idea to solve the problem.五、状语：1. 时间状语：On a snowy morning, he went to work on foot.A terrible earthquake hit/struck Wenchuan on May 12, 2008.2. 地点状语：Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。
A tall building is being built near a river.Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. (地点在前，时间在后)2. 原因状语：He was late for the lecture because of traffic jams.3. 副词作状语：副词修饰句子、动词、形容词、副词等。
Luckily, the naughty boy entered Shandong University.六、补语（宾补）：对宾语进行补充说明。
牢记下面的结构：1. call sb. sth. We call him Big Mouth.elect sb. + 职务They elected the top student monitor.paint sth. + 颜色Workers painted the wall white.find it + adj. to do Most students find it easy to learn English well.2. put / leave + sth. + 地点He put the book on the shelf.The mother left her daughter in the room.3. have sth. left There be sth. leftThe old man had nothing left for his son.There is a little water left in the bottle.4. 让某人做某事：make sb. do let sb. do have sb. do get sb. to do 让某事被做：have sth. done get sth. doneI had my car repaired the other day.(别人修的)I repaired my car the other day.（自己修的）让某事一直处于某种状态：have/get/keep + 宾语+ doing/adj. We had/got/kept the window open.We had/got/kept the air-conditioner working.5.其他：（1）see sb. do/doingsb. is seen to do / sb. is seen doing（2）find/catch sb. doingsb. is found/caught doingVolunteers were found raising money on the street for a sick girl. Every dog has his day. 凡人皆有得意日。
七、表语：下面四类词后面的成分。
1. be 之后的成分（名词、形容词、介词短语、没有-ly 的副词）The man is my friend.Doctors should be patient to patients.Li Xiaolu is in charge of the work.The movie is on./He is in./He is out./He is away.注意：进行时态除外。
例如：The boy was playing a computer game. (不能说playing 是表语) 2. 五个感官动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel + adj.This one looks better than that one.The music sounds pleasant to our ears.The milk smells sour.The dish tastes tasty.Ice feels cold.3. “变得”：become，turn，get，grow，go（由好变坏）+ adj. Leaves turn yellow in autumn.The girl is getting slimmer and slimmer.The man went crazy.注意：此五个词不需要进行用法辨析。
4. “保持某种状态”：keep，stay，remain + adj.You should keep/stay/remain silent.八、同位语：对某一个名字进行解释（换个意思说）。
Mount Tai, the highest in Shandong, lies in Tai’an.小试身手1：指出下列句子中划线部分在句子中充当的成分并进行汉语翻译。
①My brother hasn't done his homework.②The leaves have turned yellow.③Every night he heard the noise upstairs.④Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.⑤We find the room very warm.All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
（三）六大句式结构1.主谓2.主谓宾3.主谓+双宾4.主谓+复合宾语5.主系表6.There be 句型基本句型口诀：英语句型万万千，五大句型把线牵；句型种类看动词，后接什么是关键；系词之后接表语，Vi 独身无牵连；Vt 又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见，还有宾语补足语，各类搭配记心间。
一、主谓:谓语动词为vi. 常见的有：work、stay、rise、live、happen/take place Great changes have taken place in the countryside in the past decade. We are living in a peaceful world.二、主谓宾（动宾、介宾）：谓语动词为vt.Peasants pick apples in fall/autumn.Fishermen catch fishes in the lake.I am interested in computer studies.三、主谓+双宾（间接宾语和直接宾语）：常见的结构：give sb. sth. tell sb. sth. show sb. sth.buy sb. sth. lend sb. sth. borrow sb. sth.He lent me a hammer the other day. 几天前他借给我一把锤子。
The teacher told us an interesting story in his lecture.四、主谓+复合宾语（宾语和宾语补足语）：前页中的补语项目中的任何一个句型都是主谓+复合宾语的结构。
Early exercise keeps us healthy.五、主系表结构：前页中的表语项目中的任何一个句型都是主系表结构。