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高三英语一轮复习语法专题:(浙江)冠词


考点二 定冠词的考查 规则❶ 用在名词前表示特指。 Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。
规则❷ 用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。 the sun太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky天空 the world 世界 注意:有些物体虽然也是独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词。 space太空 nature自然 man人类 Do you know who invented the telephone指、特指含糊不清 Experts think that ________ recently discovered painting may be ________ Picasso. 误填 a;the 答案 the;a [句意:专家们认为最近发现的那幅油画可能是 毕加索的画。第一空特指“最近所发现的那幅画”,故用定冠 词;第二空泛指“毕加索的一幅画”,故用不定冠词。]
2.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy.(2016·全国Ⅱ,48)
3.The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________most modern of architects and engineers.(2015·全国Ⅱ,62)
规则❻ 在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词,但become后的可 数名词作表语时前要加冠词。 He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher. 他成了一名医生而他的弟弟成了一名教师。
[正 误 探 究]
1.【误】At the first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.(2016·全国Ⅲ,短文改错) 【正】At first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. 【探究】at first表示“起初”,是固定搭配,first前没有冠词。
规则❸ a+most 表示“很”,“非常”。 —Did you enjoy yourself yesterday? ——你昨天玩得开心吗? —Yes,as you know,the party went on in a most pleasant atmosphere. ——是的,正如你所知,晚会是在非常愉快的气氛中进行的。 规则❹ 不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示“再一, 又一”。 In order to find a better job,he decided to study a second foreign language. 为了找到一份更好的工作,他决定学习另一门外语。
考点三 零冠词的考查 规则❶ 称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、 补足语或同位语时,不加冠词。 Dr.Peter Spence,headmaster of the school,told us,“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” 这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们,五分之一的学生将 继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。 规则❷ 在月份、季节、星期、节假、洲前;三餐、球类、惯 用语前;学科、棋类名词前,用零冠词。 A year can be divided into four seasons—spring,summer, autumn and winter. 一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。
3.【误】Now I am living in a city,but I miss my home in countryside.(2015·全国Ⅰ) 【正】Now I am living in a city,but I miss my home in the countryside. 【探究】句意:现在我生活在一个城市,但是思念我农村的家 乡。这里countryside是特指,故应加定冠词。
An hour ago,an honest man accepted an unusual gift and went to finish an honorable task. 一小时前,一个老人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物,去完成一项光 荣的任务。 规则❷ 不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指,泛指某一人 或某一物。 The story happened in a small town in Victoria. 故事发生在维多利亚的一个小镇上。
规则❸ 用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较,表示特指的时候)和 最高级前。 Purple Sun is the most moving film that I have ever seen. 《紫日》是我看过的最动人的电影。 规则❹ 定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用时,表示一类人或 事物。 The wounded were sent to the hospital immediately. 受伤者被立刻送往医院。
The Whites settled down in Canada last year. 去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。
规则❼ 用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前,但“play+表示中国 乐器的名词(如erhu二胡,pipa琵琶)”中,名词前不用冠词。 the east东部 play the piano 弹钢琴 My brother is playing the violin while my sister is chatting on the Internet. 我弟弟在拉小提琴而我妹妹正在网上聊天。
规则❺ 用在表示计量的名词前,如by the hour,by the dozen等, 但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词,如by weight,by height等。 —It’s said John will be in a job paying over $ 60,000 a year. —Right,he will also get paid by the week. ——据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60 000美元的工作。 ——是的,而且会按周获得报酬。 规则❻ 定冠词the用在表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示“全家人” 或“夫妇俩”。
规则❺ 表示单位时间内的频度,不定冠词含有“每”的概念。 In order to shape myself,I attend Yoga classes twice a week.为了塑 造自己的体形,我每周上两次瑜伽课。 规则❻ 具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概 念时,可以与不定冠词连用。如:a success一个成功的人或一件 成功的事;a pleasure一件令人高兴的事。 It’s a pleasure to work with him. 和他一块儿工作是件乐事。
2.【误】My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.(2016·全国Ⅰ,短文改错) 【正】My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time. 【探究】此处应该表示“在短期内”,名词period是可数名 词,意为“时期,一段时间”,当其用单数形式且前有形容 词作定语时,前面要用不定冠词a。
冠词
[感 悟 高 考]
单句语法填空
1.The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,________ other is with mum—she never suspects.(2016·全国Ⅰ,70)
规则❼ 具有动作意义的名词在与动词have,take,make等构成短 语表示一种短暂性的动作时,前面要加不定冠词。如:take a look看一看;have a try试一试。 You had better go to the factory and have a look. 你最好到厂里去看一看。 规则❽ 不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中 。如:a waste of浪 费……;all of a sudden突然;as a rule通常;as a result 由于;as a whole总体上;for a while 一会儿 It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.我突然想起, 我把她的生日给忘了。
规则❸ as/though引导的让步状语从句中,如果作表语的单数名 词置于句首,名词前不用冠词。 Child as he is,he knows much about the world. 尽管他是个孩子,但知道的很多。 规则❹ no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用冠词。 There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world. 天下没有免费的午餐。 规则❺ 高考中常见的纯不可数名词,不能与不定冠词连用。这 些 词 有 : baggage , luggage , furniture , health , weather , fun , space( 太 空 ) , advice , word( = news) , progress , information , news,luck,wealth(财产),homework等。 What fine weather it is today!今天多好的天气呀!
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