第一次作业[论述题]4. What is a successful speaking activity?答案：1) Students talk a lot in English.2) Students’ participation is even. The class is not dominated by a fewtalkative participants.3) Students’ motivation is high. Students are interested in the topic, eager tospeak and share their own information with others.4) Language use is of an acceptable level. Students speak with appropriateaccuracy and fluency, new language is comprehended and incorporated intheir production.3. How to develop your self-evaluation?答案：Self-evaluation is not something that can be taught. It can be graduallydeveloped by teachers themselves as they become more aware of theirown teaching and of all the different factors that affect learning. In orderto evaluate themselves, teachers must learn to observe themselves.Obviously, teachers cannot normally observe themselves directly, butthere are ways in which they can observe themselves indirectly:― By careful planning before the lesson, followed by careful reflection after the lesson on what actually took place.― By observing other teachers’ lessons and comparing them with what happens in your own classes.―By inviting other teachers to observe your classes, and discussing thelesson with them afterwards.2. How could you write something onto the blackboard but still keep the attention of the class?答案：A. To talk as you write, saying the words and making any necessarycomments― Talk to the students as you are writing and turn round frequently to face them.― Ask the stu dents what to write as often as possible and get examples from them.― Ask them what they think this word or picture is going to be.― Get them to read things as you write them.B. To stand in a way that does not hide the board1. What does ‘knowin g a word' mean?答案：Knowing a word means that you know word meaning, word use, wordformation and word grammar.判断题3. All new words in a lesson are equally important.答案：错误4. If the aim of activity is to check that students can use the verbs correctly, you have to correct any major errors, especially those involving the verbs you have taught, or the activity will lose its point.答案：正确7. Students are given the structure in context and are asked to work out the rule for themselves. They are given guidance from the teacher in using evidence from the context to work out the usage of the structure. This is called the inductive method.答案：正确1. The students' native language has no particular role in the Communicative Approach. The target language should be used not only during communicative activities, but also in explaining the activities to the students or in assigning homework.答案：正确2. Culture is received greater attention in the Communicative Approach.答案：正确5. The skill practised in the pre-reading stage is inference.答案：错误6. One way to teach reading is following the framework: pre-reading stage, while-reading stage and post-reading stage. Each stage has different goals and deals with different reading strategies.答案：正确8. Reading is an active process, during which the reader tries to understand the meaning of a given text.答案：正确9. If the aim of activity is to check that students can use the verbs correctly, you have to correct any major errors, especially those involving the verbs you have taught, or the activity will lose its point.答案：错误10. The skill practised in the pre-reading stage is prediction.答案：正确11. Words which we want students to understand, but which they will not need to use themselves. We call this active vocabulary.答案：错误12. The typical example of functional communication activities is role play.答案：错误13. The target language should be used not only during communicative activities, but also in explaining the activities to the students or in assigning homework.答案：正确14. Spoken language is generally produced in informal, simple or common vocabulary.答案：正确15. Types of mistakes are slips, errors and attempts.答案：正确第二次作业：论述题8. What are the basic principles of positive error correction?答案：1) As far as possible, encourage the students, focussing on what they have gotright, not on what they have got wrong.2) Praise the students for correct answers, and even for partly correct answers;in this way, they will feel they are making progress.3) Avoid humiliating students or making them feel that making a mistake is‘bad’.4) Correct errors quickly; if too much time is spent over correcting errors, itgives them too much importance and holds up the lesson.7. How to organize pairwork?答案：1) Introduce the exercise and show what questions and answers students can give.2) Ask a few questions round the class, to show the kind of conversationstudents might have.3) Divide the class into pairs.4) Students work in pairs. Move quickly round the class, checking thateveryone is talking (but do not try to correct mistakes, as this will interruptthe activity).5) When most pairs have finished, stop the activity. Ask a few students whattheir partner said.6. Why are stage 1 and stage 2 interrelated by a double arrow line? Why are practice and reflection connected by a circle? (See Fihure 1.1 on Page 9 of the textbook)答案：Stages 1 and 2 are interrelated by a double arrow line because neither of the two stages is really ever terminated. Teachers should always make a point of updating their command of English because language is always changing.This can be done while they are teaching, but very often teachers take time off to have further training in English. This is especially important for teachers who do not have enough exposure to English.Practice and reflection are connected by a circle because they are neither independent nor separate sub-stages. Teachers do not teach one week and then reflect one week. Rather, they teach and reflect on a day to day basis.5. How to present a structure?答案：1) Situation and example to show meaning2) Model the structure3) Model the example on the board4) Other examples判断题：16. Words which we want students to understand, but which they will not need to use themselves. We call this active vocabulary.答案：错误17. In Grammar-translation method, the target language should be used not onlyduring communicative activities, but also in explaining the activities to the students or in assigning homework.答案：错误19. In the Communicative Appro ach, a teacher is described as an "instructor” and students as "listeners” in class.答案：错误20. Students' errors are a sign of failure, so we must correct every mistake they make.答案：错误18. You glance quickly through a text in order to find a specific piece of information, this skill is called scanning.答案：正确21. Knowing a word means that you know the pronunciation and meaning of it.答案：错误22. Students' errors are a very useful way of showing what they have and have答案：正确23. Testing implies evaluation based on a collection of information about what答案：错误24. Classroom climate is strongly affected by the teachers' attitude and behaviour.答案：正确25. In the Communicative Approach, a teacher is described as an "instructor”答案：错误27. It's unnecessary for teachers to know how to evaluate, select and adapt textbooks.答案：错误28. It is clearly whether someone can become a good language teacher solely depends on his/her command of the language.答案：错误29. Students are given the structure in context and are asked to work out the rule for themselves. They are given guidance from the teacher in using evidence from the context to work out the usage of the structure. This is called the inductive method.答案：正确30. There is an important difference between assessment and testing.答案：正确第三次作业：论述题12. What are four main components of a task?答案： A task has four main components:1) a purpose: making sure the students have a reason for undertaking the task2) a context: this can be real simulated or imaginary, and involvessociolinguistic issues such as the location,the participants and their relationship, the time, and other important factors.3) a process: getting the students to use learning strategies such as problemsolving, reasoning, inquiring,conceptualising and communicating4) a product: there will be some form of outcome, either visible (a writtenplan, a play, a letter, etc.) or invisible(enjoying a story, learning about another country, etc.)11. What are the basic procedures of designing free writing tasks?答案：1) Getting ideas on the topic2) Selecting and expanding one idea3) Making an outline4) Writing and improving a draft5) Writing the final version10. Why do we use English songs in class?答案：1) Songs can increase motivation to learn language as students.2) Songs give students intensive practice in selected patterns, but without boredom.3) Songs give students pronunciation practice ― in stress and rhythm aswell as in individual sounds.4) Songs can provide students with an insight into English culture.5) Songs can always be enjoyable and memorable.6) Singing songs is a group activity, an act of cooperation, which helps to bring the group together and helps Ss learn a language more effectively.9. What are the principles for teaching listening?答案：1) Focus on process 2) Combine listening and speaking3) Focus on comprehending meaning 4) Grade difficulty level appropriately判断题：31. According to the Grammar Translation Methods, the spoken form of language is the most important aspect of language.答案：错误2.Classroom climate is strongly affected by the teachers' attitude and also by their behavior.答案：正确33. Post-reading work usually contributes to the development of all the language skills and may involve using other skills than just reading.答案：正确34. One way to teach reading is following the framework: presentation, practice andproduction. Each stage has a different goal and deals with different reading strategies.答案：错误35. V ocabulary can be divided into productive and receptive.答案：错误36. The typical example of functional communication activities is information gap activities.答案：正确37. Communicative competence refers to knowledge of the grammar and vocabulary of the language.答案：错误38. The target language should be used not only during communicative答案：正确39. Words which we want students to understand, but which they will not need答案：正确40. Culture is received greater attention in the Communicative Approach.答案：正确41. Spoken language is generally produced in informal, simple or common vocabulary.答案：正确42. One way to teach reading is following the framework: presentation, practice and production. Each stage has a different goal and deals with different reading strategies.答案：错误43. It is clearly whether someone can become a good language teacher solely depends on his/her command of the language.答案：错误44. Foreign Language Teaching Methodology is a science which studies the processes and patterns of foreign language teaching, aiming at revealing the nature and laws of foreign language teaching.答案：正确45. Interactional view sees language as a linguistic system but also as a means for doing things.答案：错误第四次作业：论述题15. 什么是"学习策略”？答案：学习策略指学生为了有效地学习和发展而采取的各种行动和步骤。