★Benzopyrene is the main carcinogen ★The relationship between smoking
and lung cancer risk was related to the type of tobacco, the age at which smoking began, the number of years of smoking, and the amount of smoking
Each cigarette
shortens a
•
smoker's life
by seven
minutes
Etiology
• The association between smoking and squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that of adenocarcinoma
Etiology
4、Ionizing radiation：Large doses of ionizing radiation can cause lung cancer, different radiation effects are different
5、Diet and nutrition： Chronic food deficiencies of vitamin A and β carotene and trace elements (zinc(Zn), selenium(Se)) are prone to lung cancer.
Because vitamin A is an antioxidant.
Etiology
6、Others：
• The risk of lung cancer was significantly correlated with chronic bronchitis and tuberculosis.
Passive smoking for 15 minutes equals active smoking
Etiology
2、Occupational carcinogen:
• Confirmed carcinogens：Chromium, nickel, arsenic, beryllium, asbestos, soot, coal tar, mustard gas, isopropyl oil, dichloromethyl ether and ionizing radiation.
Overview
overview
• Bronchial cancer: lung cancer refers to the cancer originating in the bronchial mucosa or glands
• bronchial glands or alveolar epithelium, lung cancer is actually bronchogenic cancer
• The American cancer society lists tuberculosis as a risk factor for lung cancer.
Etiology
• Recent molecular biology studies have shown that the occurrence of lung cancer is closely related to the of some oncogenes and the of tumor suppressor genes.
Hale Waihona Puke Etiology★Passive smokers have a 50% increased risk of lung cancer
Definition: people who live and work around smokers unconsciously inhaling smoke particles and toxic substances.
Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Learning goals
➢Overview ➢Etiology ➢Classification ➢Clinical Features ➢Examination ➢Diagnosis and differential diagnosis ➢Staging of lung cancer ➢Treatment
• Smoking cessation for 10 years can reduce the incidence of lung cancer by 80 %
• The incidence of lung cancer 15 years after quitting was similar to that of nonsmokers
Globle Incidence of Cance
Etiology
Etiology
1、Smoking
★Smoking is the leading risk factor for lung cancer
other reasons
cigarethes 90%
Etiology
★Smokers are 10 to 13 times more likely to develop lung cancer than nonsmokers
overview
• Both morbidity and mortality rates are increasing significantly
• The incidence and death rate of male lung cancer ranks the first in the world.
Etiology
3、The air pollution：
• Outdoor environmental pollution：Industrial waste gas, highway asphalt, motor vehicle exhaust gas
Eiology
• Indoor environmental pollution：Such as kitchen small environment coal tar, soot,tobacco