我们只不过是人劳拉．施莱辛格Pre-class Work1. Explain the following.1) free will (Para. 1): the ability to make your own decisions about what to do rather than being controlled by God or fate 自由意志2) the product of causation (Para. 1): the.human behavior is a response to external stimulation, and therefore is genes-determined. 某种原因造成的结果3) fateful night (Para. 9): the night that had an important bad effect on future events 那个决定性的夜晚4) honor his commitment (Para. 10): to do what he has committed to do to others; to do his duty; to respect his obligations to others履行义务或实践许诺5) clause (Para. 20): a separate division of a written legal document with its own separate and complete meaning 条款6) absorbing (Para. 26): interesting; enjoyable; gripping 吸引人的2. Paraphrase.1) Human beings have no free will, they are all victims of these external causes as a group.2) As if the fact we are human were a kind of detailed plan which determines how we react to situations. This reaction is instinctive and natural just like with all animals, insects, birds.3) The 3 C's are Character, Courage, and Conscience, without these qualities, we cease to be human and will be just like big ants which live out their lives in a way that is determined by their natural instincts.4) Only managing to live in a vegetable state.5) If you want to live a good and energetic life, you need the ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for someone to tell you what to do; you should be brave enough to take risks; you should take continued action against difficulties; you should be ready to lose life for ideals and you should have an instance of accepting or trusting in something that cannot be readily seen or trusted.6) Courage is as important to life as broth is to soup.7) In order to be excused, we often try hard to twist things and put the blame on others or try to justify our actions in various ways in our speaking as well as in our thinking.8) Relating to what we have mentioned, pleasure is something that just happens; happiness is a series of things that involved. Pleasure is a finishingpoint; happiness is a long process. Pleasure is something related to the real world and physical objects; happinessis something related to your spirit. Pleasure is something related to yourself; happiness is something related to others and the world.3. Learn to use reference books.Check in a Chinese-English dictionary for the translations of the following Chinese collocations of" 开".开门to open the door; 开口to open one,s mouth (or start to talk); 开火to open fire; 开刀to have an operation; 开发to open up... (or to develop; to exploit); 开工(of a factory, etc.) to go into operation; 开花to blossom; 开会to have a meeting; 开胃to whet (or stimulate) the appetite; 开心to feel happy; 开玩笑to crack ajoke (to make fun of)4. Learn rules of word-building. Enrich and enlarge your vocabulary.1) Give the corresponding nouns of the following.(1) devastation (2) exhilaration (3) conformity (4) procreation (5) invocation(6) sustenance (7) projection (8) derivation (9) criticism (10) restoration2) Give the corresponding verbs of the following.(1) to contort (2) to rationalize (3) to transgress (4) to condemn(5) to abort (6) to emphasize (7) to seduce (8) to gratify(9) to destroy (10) to indulge (11) to oblige (12) to motivate(13) to cause (14) to surviveMore Work on the T extII Vocabulary1. Translate1) into English.(1) to shape one's mind (2) to honor one's commitment(3) to sustain life (4) to raise a family(5) to make a judgment (6) to focus one's attention(7) to devastate the country (8) to blame the weather(9) to avoid sacrifice (10) to demand justice(11) to criticize the theory (12) to condemn the war(13) to emphasize education (14) to acknowledge defeat(15) to sustain economic growth (16) to restore the building(17) to cause trouble (18) to resist the temptation2) into Chinese.(1)动物界(2)某种原因造成的结果(3)自由意志` (4)条件反射(5)由生物本能决定的(6)自然选择(7)高级动物；万物之灵(8)适者生存(9)固有欲望(10)利他的行为(11)社会地位(12)一个关键的晚上(13)正当的地位(14)眼前一时痛快(15)蛮力(16)思想斗争(17)良心不安；良心有愧(18)对未经证实之事物的信仰(19)合同的例外条款(20)植物人的状态(21)长期目标(22)十分吸引人的电影(23)全心全意和孩子相聚的时间(24)价值观念体系2. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following.1) Give synonyms.(1) example (2) lonely, alone(3) to look, to gaze (4) properly, appropriately(5) natural, inborn, instinctive (6) to gain, to obtain(7) deeply, extremely (8) to give up(9) idea, thought, theory, notion (10) mutual, shared(11) to shape, to form (12) fortress, love, emotional attachment(13) decisive, decisively important, critical, fatal (14) duty, responsibility(15) responsibility, obligation (16) honesty, virtue, uprightness(17) satisfaction, pleasure, enjoyment (18) to struggle, to fight, to deal with, to tackle(19) delighted, in high spirits(20) to agree with, to comply with, to follow, to adhere to(21) very great (22) damaging, very destructive, shocking2) Give antonyms.(1) construction (2) former(3) outer (4) selfish(5) to deny (6) unsteady, shaky, unstable(7) physical, material, bodily (8) immeasurable(9) deep, in-depth, profound (10) imbalance(11) long, long-lived, lasting, enduring, permanent, eternal(12) immoral, amoral (13) required, compulsory(14) unwilling (15) positive3. Translate.1) As the saying goes: All roads lead to Rome.2) That wrong line led to a serious setback of the revolution.3) The discovery of a knife on his body led the police to suspect that he was the murderer.4) We are leading the world in the production of rice, cotton, hogs, and coal.5) Lack of exercise can lead to all kinds of health problems.6) Some political scientists in the West believe that a balance of power could lead to world peace.7) Most of the leading economic powers in the world are committed to global environmental protection.8) Those traces of water led many scientists to believe that there might be some forms of life on that planet.9) It's amazing how she Can balance herself on that ball.10) For most Chinese people, the unification of our country is a serious/solemn commitment.11) Yes, I taught her once. She struck me as quite a committed student.12) Many things in this world require a good balance. Once you lose balance, troubles begin.13) Mr. Smith said that it was his honor to be our business partner, and he assured us that his company is committed to help China with her modernization effort.14) This treaty commits all member nations to develop their cooperation.15) Some European countries have not been able to balance their budgets.16) It's a matter of honor to repay my debts on time. But right now my total balance in the bank is only 20 dollars.17) The banking system of that country is in a terrible state.18) It was said that the Russian state-owned enterprises were privatized almost overnight.19) During the talks, he made an official statement that his government will not adopt a two-China policy.4. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.1) of 2) for 3) out 4) out 5) up6) of 7) up 8) down 9) at 10) out ofll) up 12) to, away from 13) on, in 14) on, by, of 15) In, instead of, to16) to, on, at 17) in, By 18) with, For, on, In5. Correct mistakes in the following sentences.1) I have not been informed about this meeting. (Or: I have not been informed that I shouldattend the meeting.)2) succeeded in getting (Or: finally managed to get the ticket)3) fall to keep the job4) so long in realizing your mistake. (Or: Why did it take you so long to realize your mistake?)5) consistes of (Or: is made of)6) anxious to know7) frank with8) incapable of telling...9) he prided himself on/took pride in; patients'10) In the eyes of11) Sure, no problem. (out of the question: not possible or not allowed)12) The teacher suggested that we should not try to specialize too early. (Or: The teacher advised us not to try to specialize too early.)6. Translate with special attention to the different meanings of the same word or words that happen to have the same spelling.I)我们在这个问题上应该保持中立。