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高等数学基础第二次作业有答案

高等数学基础第二次作业第3章 导数与微分(一)单项选择题⒈设0)0(=f 且极限x x f x )(lim0→存在,则=→xx f x )(lim 0( B ).A. )0(fB. )0(f 'C. )(x f 'D. 0⒉设)(x f 在0x 可导,则=--→hx f h x f h 2)()2(lim 000( D ).A. )(20x f '-B. )(0x f 'C. )(20x f 'D. )(0x f '-⒊设xx f e )(=,则=∆-∆+→∆xf x f x )1()1(lim 0( A ).A. eB. e 2C. e 21D. e 41⒋设)99()2)(1()(---=x x x x x f ,则=')0(f ( D ).A. 99B. 99-C. !99D. !99- ⒌下列结论中正确的是( C ).A. 若)(x f 在点0x 有极限,则在点0x 可导.B. 若)(x f 在点0x 连续,则在点0x 可导.C. 若)(x f 在点0x 可导,则在点0x 有极限.D. 若)(x f 在点0x 有极限,则在点0x 连续. ⒍当0→x 时,变量( C )是无穷小量.A.xxsin B. x 1C. xx 1sin D. 2)ln(+x⒎若函数)(x f 在点0x 满足( A ),则)(x f 在点0x 连续。

A. )()(lim 00x f x f x x =→ B. )(x f 在点0x 的某个邻域内有定义C. )()(lim 00x f x f x x =+→ D. )(lim )(lim 0x f x f x x x x -+→→=(二)填空题⒈设函数⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=≠=0,00,1sin )(2x x xx x f ,则=')0(f 无穷小量 . 解: 20001()sin 0(0)(0)1(0)lim lim lim sin 0x x x x f x f x f x x x x∆→∆→∆→∆-+∆-∆'===∆=∆∆∆这里用到:无穷小量与有界变量的乘积仍是无穷小量。

⒉设x xxf e 5e )e (2+=,则=xx f d )(ln d x x 15ln 2⋅+ .解: 令2e ,()t 5,x t f t t ==+有令2ln ,(ln )ln x 5ln ,t x f x x ==+有故=xx f d )(ln d 2(ln )(ln )(ln 5ln )(ln )1(2ln 5)(ln )(ln )f x x x x x x d x dx d x dx x +⋅=⋅=+⋅d d d d ⒊曲线1)(+=x x f 在)2,1(处的切线斜率是 .⒋曲线x x f sin )(=在)1,4π(处的切线方程是 .⒌设xx y 2=,则='y .⒍设x x y ln =,则=''y .(三)计算题⒈求下列函数的导数y ':⑴xx x y e )3(+=解: 由导数四则运算法则)e )(3(e )3()e )3((2323'++'+='+='xxxx x x x y xxx x e )3(e ))3()((2323++'+'=xx x x x x x e )323(e )3(e 2323212321++=++=⑵x x x y ln cot 2+=解: 由导数四则运算法则)ln ()(cot )ln (cot 22'+'='+='x x x x x x y)(ln ln )(sin 1222'+'+-=x x x x x x x x xx x x x x ++-=⋅++-=ln 2sin 11ln 2sin 1222⑶xx y ln 2=解: 由导数四则运算法则xx x x x x x y 2222ln )(ln ln )()ln ('-'='=' xx x x x x x x x 222ln ln 2ln 1ln 2-=⋅-=⑷32cos x x y x+=解: 由导数四则运算法则6333))(2(cos )2(cos )2cos (x x x x x x x y x x x '+-'+='+=' 623)2(cos 3))2()((cos x x x x x x x +-'+'=623)2(cos 3)2ln 2sin (xx x x x x x +-+-= 423cos 32ln 2sin xx x x x xx ⋅--+-= ⑸xx x y sin ln 2-=解: 由导数四则运算法则x x x x x x x x x x y 2222sin ))(sin (ln sin )(ln )sin ln ('--'-='-='xxx x x x x 222sin cos )(ln sin ))()((ln --'-'= xxx x x x x 22sin cos )(ln sin )21(---=xx xx x x x x x x 232sin cos ln cos sin 2sin +--=⑹x x x y ln sin 4-=解: 由导数四则运算法则)ln (sin )()ln sin (44'-'='-='x x x x x x y ))(ln sin ln )((sin 43'+'-=x x x x xxxx x xx x x sin ln cos 4)1sin ln (cos 433--=⋅+-= ⑺xx x y 3sin 2+= 解: 由导数四则运算法则2222)3()3)((sin 3)(sin )3sin (x x x x x x x x x x y '+-'+='+=' 222)3(3ln 3)(sin 3))()((sin x x x x x x x +-'+'=22)3(3ln 33ln sin 33)2(cos x x x x x x x x --+= xx x x x 33ln 3ln sin 2cos 2--+=⑻x x y xln tan e +=解: 由导数四则运算法则)(ln )tan e ()ln tan e ('+'='+='x x x x y xxxx x xx 1)(tan e tan )e (+'+'= x xx x x x x xxx1cos e tan e 1cos 1e tan e 22++=+⋅+= ⒉求下列函数的导数y ':⑴21ex y -=解: 设21x u -=,21x v -=,则有uy e =, v u =, 21x v -=由复合函数求导法则x v u u x v u x v v u y y )1()()e (2'-⋅'⋅'='⋅'⋅'='211e)2(21e 2xx x vx u--=-⋅⋅=-⑵3cos ln x y =解: 设3cos x u =,3x v =,则有u y ln =, v u cos =, 3x v =由复合函数求导法则x v u x v u x v u v u y y )()(cos )(ln 3'⋅'⋅'='⋅'⋅'='323322tan 3cos sin 33)sin (1x x xx x x v u -=-=⋅'-⋅= ⑶x x x y =解: 8721472143212123212121)()())(())((x x x x x x x x x x x x y ==⋅==⋅==8187-='x y⑷3x x y +=解: 设x x u +=,则有3u y =, x x u +=由复合函数求导法则x u v u x x u u y y )()(3'+⋅'='⋅'=')211()(31)211(313232x x x x u ++=+=--⑸xy e cos 2=解: 设x u e cos =,xv e =,则有2u y =, v u cos =, xv e =由复合函数求导法则x xv u x v u v u v u y y )e ()(cos )(2'⋅'⋅'='⋅'⋅'='xx x x x x v u e 2sin e e cos e sin e 2e )sin (2-=-=⋅'-⋅= ⑹2e cos x y =解: 设2e x u =,2x v =,则有u y cos =, v u e =, 2x v = 由复合函数求导法则x v v u x v u x u v u y y )()e ()(cos 2'⋅'⋅'='⋅'⋅'='22e sin e 22e sin x x vx x u -=⋅⋅-=⑺nx x y ncos sin = 解: 由导数四则运算法则)(cos sin cos )(sin )cos (sin '+'='='nx x nx x nx x y nn n 设x u sin =,nx v =,则有 nn u x =sin , v nx cos cos = 由复合函数求导法则)(cos sin cos )(sin )cos (sin '+'='='nx x nx x nx x y nn nx v nx u n nx v x nx x u )()(cos sin cos )(sin )('⋅'+'⋅'=n v x nx x nu n n ⋅-+=-)sin (sin cos cos 1nx x n nx x x n n n sin sin cos cos sin1-=-⑻2sin 5x y =解: 设2sin x u =,2x v =,则有uy 5=, v u sin =, 2x v =由复合函数求导法则x v u u x v u x v v u y y )()(sin )5(2'⋅'⋅'='⋅'⋅'='2sin cos 5ln 522cos 5ln 52x x x v x u=⋅⋅=⑼x y 2sin e =解: 设x u 2sin =,x v sin =,则有uy e =, 2v u =, x v sin =由复合函数求导法则x v u u x v u x v v u y y )(sin )()e (2'⋅'⋅'='⋅'⋅'='x x x x v x xu2sin e cos sin e 2cos 2e 22sin sin ==⋅⋅=⑽22e x x x y += 解: 222222e e e eeln ln x xxx x x x xxy +=+=+=由导数四则运算法则 )e ()e ()e e (2222ln ln '+'='+='x x x x xxy 设x x u ln 2=,2x v =,由复合函数求导法则x v v x u u x x x y )()e ()ln ()e (22'⋅'+'⋅'='x x x x vu 2e )ln 2(e ⋅++= 22e 2)ln 2(x x x x x x x ++= ⑾xxxy e e e +=解: xxx xxxxx x y e ln ee ln e e e e e eee+=+=+=由导数四则运算法则 )e ()e ()e e (e ln e e ln e'+'='+='xxxxx xy设x u x ln e =,xv e =,由复合函数求导法则x xv v x x u u x y )e ()e ()ln e ()e ('⋅'+'⋅'='x v xxuxx e e )e ln e (e ⋅++= x x xx x xx x e e )e ln e (e e ++= ⒊在下列方程中,y y x =()是由方程确定的函数,求'y :⑴yx y 2e cos =解法1: 等式两端对x 求导左)(cos cos )cos ('+'='=x y x y x y x y x y sin cos -'=右y y yy y x y '='⋅'='=222e 2)e ()e (由此得y x y x y y'=-'2e 2sin cos整理得 yx x y y 2e2cos sin -=' 解法2: 等式两端求微分左)(cos d d cos )cos (d x y y x x y +== x x y y x d sin d cos -= 右y y y y yd e 2)2(d e )e (d 222===由此得y x x y y x yd e 2d sin d cos 2=- 整理得 x x xy y yd e 2cos sin d 2-=得yx xy y 2e2cos sin -=' ⑵x y y ln cos =解法1: 等式两端对x 求导 左y '=右)(ln cos ln )(cos )ln (cos '+'='=x y x y x y xxyy y x x y x y y y cos sin ln 1cos ln )(cos +'⋅-=⋅+'⋅'=由此得xy y y x y cos sin ln +'⋅-=' 整理得 yx x x yy sin ln cos +='解法2: 等式两端求微分 左y d =右)(ln d cos )(cos d ln )ln (cos d x y y x x y +== x xyy x y d cos d ln sin +-= 由此得x xyy x y y d cos d ln sin d +-= 整理得 x y x x x yy d sin ln cos d +=得 yx x x yy sin ln cos +='⑶yx y x 2sin 2=解法1: 等式两端对x 求导左x y x y x y x )(sin 2sin )2()sin 2('+'='=y y x y y y x y y '⋅+='⋅'+=cos 2sin 2)(sin 2sin 2右2222222)()(y y x xy y y x y x y x '-='-'='= 由此得222cos 2sin 2yy x xy y y x y '-='⋅+ 整理得222cos 2sin 22xy xy yy xy y +-=' 解法2: 等式两端求微分左)(sin d 2)2(d sin )sin 2(d y x x y y x +== y y x x y d cos 2d sin 2+=右222222d d 2d d )(d y yx x xy y y x x y y x -=-== 由此得22d d 2d cos 2d sin 2yyx x xy y y x x y -=+ 整理得x xy xy yy xy y d cos 2sin 22d 222+-= 得222cos 2sin 22xy xy yy xy y +-=' ⑷y x y ln +=解法1: 等式两端对x 求导左y '=右x y x y x )(ln )()ln ('+'='+= y yy y y '+='⋅'+=11)(ln 1 由此得 y yy '+='11 整理得 1-='y y y 解法2: 等式两端求微分 左y d =右y yx y x y x d 1d )(ln d d )ln (d +=+=+= 由此得 y yx y d 1d d += 整理得 x y yy d 1d -= 得1-='y y y ⑸2e ln y x y =+解法1: 等式两端对x 求导左x yy x x )e ()(ln )e (ln '+'='+=y x y x y y y '+='⋅'+=e 1)e (1 右y y y y y y x '⋅='⋅'='=2)()(22由此得y y y xy '⋅='+2e 1整理得 yx xy y e21-=' 解法2: 等式两端求微分左)e (d )(ln d )e (ln d yyx x +=+= y x xy d e d 1+= 右y y y y y d e 2)2(d e )(d 22===由此得y y y x xy d 2d e d 1=+ 整理得 x x xy y yd e21d -= 得 yx xy y e 21-='⑹y y xsin e 12=+ 解法1: 等式两端对x 求导左y y y y y y x '⋅='⋅'+='+=2)1()1(22 右x xx x y y y )(sin e sin )e ()sin e ('+'='=y y y y y y x x y x x '⋅+='⋅'+=cos e sin e )(sin e sin e 由此得y y y y y xx'⋅+='⋅cos e sin e 2 整理得yy yy xx cos e 2sin e -=' 解法2: 等式两端求微分左)1(d )(d )1(d 22+=+=y y y y d 2=右)(sin d e )e (d sin )sin e (d y y y xxx+== y y x y xxd cose d sin e += 由此得y y x y y y xxd cose d sin e d 2+= 整理得x yy yy xx d cos e 2sin e d -= 得y y yy x x cos e 2sin e -='⑺3e e y x y -=解法1: 等式两端对x 求导左y y yy y x y '='⋅'='=e )e ()e (右x x x y y )()e ()e (33'-'='-=y y y y x y x '-='⋅'-=233e )(e由此得y y y xy'-='23e e 整理得23e e yy y x+=' 解法2: 等式两端求微分 左y yy d e )e (d ==右)(d )e (d )e (d 33y y xx-=-= y y x xd 3de 2-= 由此得y y x y xyd 3de d e 2-= 整理得x yy y xd 3e e d 2+= 得23e e y y y x+='⑻yx y 25+=解法1: 等式两端对x 求导 左y '=右x yx y x )2()5()25('+'='+=y y yx y y x '⋅+='⋅'+=2ln 25ln 5)2(5ln 5 由此得y y yx'⋅+='2ln 25ln 5 整理得2ln 215ln 5y x y -='解法2: 等式两端求微分 左y d =右)2(d )5(d )25(d yxyx+=+= y x yxln2d 2ln5d 5+= 由此得y x y yxln2d 2ln5d 5d += 整理得x y yx d ln221ln55d -= 得2ln 215ln 5yx y -=' ⒋求下列函数的微分y d : ⑴x x y cos cot +=解: )(cos d )(cot d )cos (cot d d x x x x y +=+=x x xx x x x d )sin sin 1(d sin d sin 122+-=--=⑵xx y sin ln = 解: xx x x x x x y 2sin )(sin d ln )(ln d sin )sin ln (d d -== x xx x x x x x x x x x x x d sin cos ln sin sin d cos ln d sin 22-=-= ⑶xx y +-=11arcsin 解: )11(d )11(11)11(arcsin d d 2x x xx x x y +-+--=+-= 22)1()1(d )1()1(d )1()11(11x x x x x xx ++---++--= 22)1(d )1(d )1()11(11x x x x x xx +--+-+--= x x x x x x x x d )11(1)1(2d )1(2)11(112222+--+-=+-+--= ⑷311xx y +-= 解: )11(d )11(31)11(d )11(d d 32313xx x x x x x x y +-+-=+-=+-=- 232)1()1(d )1()1(d )1()11(31x x x x x x x ++---++-=- 232)1(d )1(d )1()11(31x x x x x x x +--+-⋅+-=- x x x x x x x x d )11()1(32d )1(2)11(31322232+-+-=+-⋅+-=-⑸x y e sin 2= 解: )e (sin d e sin 2)e (sin d d 2x x x y ==)e (d e cos e sin 2x x x =x x x x x x x d e 2sin e d e cos e sin e 2==⑹3e tan x y =解: )e (d e cos 1)e (tan d d 3332x x x y == )(d e cos e 3233x x x =x x x xd e cos e 33322=⒌求下列函数的二阶导数:⑴x x y ln =解: 由导数四则运算法则)(ln ln )()ln ('+'='='x x x x x x y1ln 1ln +=⋅+=x xx x )1()(ln )1(ln '+'='+=''x x yxx 101=+= ⑵x x y sin = 解: 由导数四则运算法则)(sin sin )()sin ('+'='='x x x x x x y x x x cos sin +=)cos ()(sin )cos (sin '+'='+=''x x x x x x y )(cos cos )(cos '+'+=x x x x xx x x x x x x sin cos 2sin cos cos -=-+= ⑶x y arctan =解: 211)(arctan xx y +='=' 由导数四则运算法则 22222)1()1()1()1()11(x x x x y +'+-+'='+='' 22222)1(2)1())()1((0x x x x +-=+'+'-= ⑷23x y =解: 由复合函数求导法则和导数四则运算法则 3ln 32)(3ln 3)3(2222x x x x x y ='='='3ln ))3(23)2(()3ln 32(222'+'='=''x x x x x x y 3ln )3ln 32232(22x x x x ⋅+⋅=3ln 323ln 322222x x x +⋅=(四)证明题设)(x f 是可导的奇函数,试证)(x f '是偶函数. 证:因为)(x f 是可导的奇函数,所以对任意x 有 )()(x f x f -=-上式两端对x 求导左)()())(())((x f x x f x f x x -'-='-⋅'-='-=-右)())((x f x f '-='-=由此得)()(x f x f '-=-'-即)()(x f x f '=-'由定义可知)(x f '是偶函数。

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