日骋教育教辅讲义
学生姓名：就读学校：教材版本：总课次：
任课教师：敖财芹补习科目：课程分班：上课时间：
课题：
句子成分
一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)
He likes dancing. (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
Seeing is believing. (动名词)
To see is to believe. (不定式)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)
二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.
He is asleep.
三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher.(名词)
Seventy-four! You don’t look it.(代词)
Five and five is ten. (数词)
He is asleep.(形容词)
The picture is on the wall.(介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost.(形容词化的分词)
不定式)
The question is whether they will come.(表语从句)
常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)，remain(保持，仍是)，feel(感觉) ….
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
Now I feel tired.
三、宾语：
1)动作的承受者——动宾
I like China.(名词)
He hates you.(代词)
How many do you need? We need two. (数词)
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不定式)
Did you write down what he said?(宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow,there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor.(名词)
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)
We will make them happy.(形容词)
We found nobody in.(副词)
Please make yourself at home.(介词短语)
Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(带to不定式) D on’t keep the lights burning.(现在分词)
I’ll have my bike repaired.(过去分词)
六、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
He is our friend. (代词)
We belong to the third world.(数词)
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Cla2. (现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)
I have an idea to do it well.(不定式)
You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)
七、状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
(以下例句按上述顺序排列) I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.
I like some of you very much.
If you study hard,you will pass the exam.
He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
简单句基本句型
1.S V P(主语系动词表语）
Maria’s mother sounded worried.
You look excited.
常见的系动词有be, look, seem, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, get, turn, go等。
练习：
（1）We should any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。
（2）这种食物尝起来很糟糕。
2.S V (主语谓语）
They arrived.
练习：
学生们学习很努力。
翻译：
3.S V O（主语谓语宾语）
I miss you.
I need your advice.
练习：
（1）我昨天看了一场电影。
（2）They have of the children. 这些孩子他们照看的很好。
4.S V IO DO (主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语）
She tells me jokes.
We gave them some money.
练习：
（1）Yesterday her father as birthday present.
昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
5.S V O OC (主语谓语宾语宾补）
We should keep the classroom clean.
The class made him monitor.
练习：
（1）They painted . 他们把门漆成绿色。
（2_）We must .我们必须保持我们的学校洁净。
.
6.There be 基本句型
There is a river near my home.。