现在完成时态（一）定义：两种情况1>表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响2>从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，将来还有可能继续下去。
（二）基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)PS:根据主语的单复数来确定助动词是选用have还是has.①肯定句：1>主语+have/has+done…….2>主语+have/has+been+doing……这是现在完成进行时同样插在现在完成时态这里，也是提到主要的用法，特别地它带有一些感情色彩如激动、抱怨……Eg: I have trained 80 students I joined the education institution(教育机构)译：在过去的两个小时里，他一直在调试设备。
（暗含着现在还在调试，还有可能继续下去）调试的动词原形：debug②否定结构：主语+haven’t / hasn’t + done +……③一般疑问句中：Have/Has+主语+ done+……?肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答：No,主语+have/has not .Eg: Have you ever been to an amusement park?肯定回答：Yes, I have .否定回答：No, I haven’t.注意：have /has been to + 地点：去过某地（已回），表示“到(去)过某处”，现在已不在那个地方。
在谈起自己曾经去过某个地方时，可以用到。
区别于：have/has gone to + 地点：去了某地（未回），表示“去/到了某处”Eg: Has she gone to Hongkong ?译：她已经去香港了吗？(已到达香港还未回来或者在去香港的路上) 上述的have/has been to和have/has gone to可以用来表达自己平常出差的一种状态。
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词（What/Why/Who/…）+have/has+主语+done……？（三）具体用法1）过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。
常见的状语有：now，already, yet, ever(曾经), ever since（自那时起），never, till / until, this week /month/year，many times 等包括现在时间在内的状语。
Eg：I have been over my English study plan now.（be over 代替了finish）Eg: I think that the problem is that I haven't (yet ) figured out what I want.划线句子做整个句子的宾语从句，句子的结构比较复杂，仔细分析译：我认为问题就是我还没有弄清楚自己要的是什么Eg: What's the best gift you have ever received? 定语从句修饰giftEg: The shop has been open ever since.Eg: We should say that we so excellent a film as The译：我们必须承认在此之前我们从未看过像《暮光之城》这样棒的电影.Eg:Until you tell me the thing completely now, I have mastered all of it.译：直到你现在完整地告诉我这件事，我才掌握了全部的情况。
Eg: This is the third time that I have been to the clinic(诊所) this week. 2）表示从过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在，常用for和since 后接表示一段时间的状语，so far(到目前为止)，up to now(到现在为止), in/over the past/few /数词years(在过去的几年里)Eg: I have taught the course for one and half an hour .译：我已经讲了一个半小时的课了。
teach-taught- taughtEg: Mark has worked here since he left college.Eg: We' ve only raised 2000 dollars so far, but we're still 500 short of the amount we need. be short of 缺少……译：到现在为止我们已经筹集了2000元，但是离我们所需的数目仍然还差500元。
Eg:I have travelled eleven provinces up to now.译：到现在为止我已经游历了十一个省份。
Eg: Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.译：在过去的几年时间里我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
（这是常用句）3）在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作。
Eg: When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge .Because the limits of your language are the limits of your world.译：当你学会英语之后，你将找到一条通往丰富知识的桥梁。
因为你语言的边界就是你人生的边界。
We’ll start at six if it has stopped raining by then.译：如果那时雨已经停了，我们就在六点出发4）下列句型中常用完成时态：<1>This is the first/second/third……+time +that 从句that 从句的谓语要用现在完成时，译为：这是…第几次做某事（这一块有关时态的问题和过去完成时有交叉，怕给你看混了，以后会给你分开他们的区别）Eg: This is the second time that I have published an article in the newspaper.译：这已经是我第二次在该报纸上发表文章<2>It is 一段时间+since从句(过去完成时)has beenEg: It has been thirteen years since Jolin and Jay Chou broke up.has been 可换成is, break-broke-broken break up分手、关系破裂译：自从Jolin 和Jay Chou分手已经13年了。
Eg: It has been two years since my brother joined the army. 参军<3> This is the best/finest/most interesting 等形容词最高级+that+从句（现在完成时）Eg: This is the stable marketing channel that I have been in charge of the area. be in charge of …… 负责/执掌/管理…… 译：这是我负责的这个地区最为稳定的销售渠道。
N N o o w w c c o o m m e e s s y y o o u u r r t t u u r r n n t t o o e e x x a a m m i i n n e e y y o o u u r r s s e e l l f f …………1、----Can you tell me what time the flight to Australia leaves?----I ’but 常用来解释sorry 的原因A has been canceledB had been canceledC has canceledD had canceled2、This is the third time that I have____ the maximal exercise .A have triedB triedC try toD trytry 动词：尝试着，努力 try-tried-triedtry to do sth 尽力做某事 try doing sth 试着做某事try sth 尝试某事 the maximal exercise 极限运动3、We ____ the matter several times this year.A have discussedB has discussedC have been discussingD has been discussing译：我们今年已数次讨论那件事。
（这句话带有说话者“抱怨“的感情）4、I like these English songs and they ____ many times on the radio.A taughtB have taughtC are taughtD have been taught答答案案 11、、A A 22、、B B 33、、C C 44、、D D附件一：在完成时态中，常见瞬间动词（非延续性动词）的替换单词表首先注意：表过去某一时间发生的动作或状态一直延续到现在（强调现在），动作或状态一般是延续性的，因此要用表延续性的动词或表状态的动词。
表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用，即不能用于完成时也不能用于how long引导的疑问句中（how long对一段时间提问）。
Eg: He has borrowed the book for two months.(误)borrow一旦借出动作立马终止，所以不能用在完成时态。
Eg: He has kept the book for 2 months. （正）keep可以保存一段时间简单的提一下，非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态：I haven’t bought anything for two days.（有了解就可以）。