二、汉英翻译技巧
1、词汇层面的处理 2 修饰成分的语序 （1）定语的位置 (2)状语的位置 3 被动语态的翻译 4 倒装结构的翻译

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1、词汇层面的处理 选词（一词多意，一意多词） C-E 首先是理解汉语 选词的时候要注意：瞻前顾后，得意忘形 Eg:1问题是到哪儿去找答案 The problem is where to find the answer Eg:2科学家必须知道怎样运用数学以求得问题的 答案 It is necessary that a scientist know how to use mathematics to get an answer to his question
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2 修饰成分的语序(定语的语序) 表示时间概念的比较远（前置，后置） 一个白发苍苍的老教授 An old and white-haired professor 国际经济新秩序 A new international economic order 数词较远，表性质的词较近 50多名可爱的孩子 50 lovely children
1.形合与意合 Eg1：我们饿了，我们要吃东西，吃包子，吃饺 子，吃米饭，或者说吃食堂. （动+N ）在食堂吃。要对意思解达清楚。 Eg2 :听到这个消息，他满眼都是泪。 When he heard the news, his eyes were filled with tears


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2.主语与话题 话题：（话题评论句） 食堂今天吃饺子（我们今天在食堂吃饺子）汉语 字面上的主语不是真正的主语 主语并不一定是我们（他们、老师、学生）因此 用被动。 Jiaozi are served in the canteen today. (tr is not word to word ,)(notion to notion) （汉语里主谓架构的不到50%，大部分是话题加 评述）
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2 修饰成分的语序(定语的语序) Eg1:这是目前唯一可行的办法（指时间前置要么 后置）能做的 That is the only thing to do now Eg2:这些是我们面对的主要问题 Those are the chief problems facing us Eg3：得到最高分数的学生将会得到奖学金 The students who receive the highest score will be awarded scholarship 英词如个是单个词修饰的要放在名词前面，词组 短语，定语从句放在后面。
3.主动与被动

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1.形合与意合
英语是形合：形式结合 汉语是意合：意思结合，（通过语义衔接） Exception ：I love you 我爱你 (coincidence)

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2.主语与话题 主语 SV The river runs SVC He looks strong (主系表) SVO He painted a picture SVOO They gave me a handbook SVOC They made him the team leader
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1、词汇层面的处理 Eg:6这个机子出问题了 Something is wrong with that machine. Eg:7一路上没出问题 The trip went off without mishap


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4 倒装结构的翻译
句首是only 引导的状语时，需要部分倒装。 Only in this way can we solve the problem（引导方式 状语，句首） 常用短语还有： Only by chance, only then, only with difficulty, only on a rare occasion等等。 Eg1:201006 The manager never laughed, neither ----她也 从没发过脾气 had he lost her temper. Eg2:200806 直到他完成使命，did he realize that he was seriously ill. Not until he had finished the mission,

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4 倒装结构的翻译
部分导装的具体用法 句首是否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，常用部分倒装 Under no circumstances shall we cancel the party 常用于这一结构的词或短语有 At no /other time , by no means Under no circumstances, hardly, scarcely, seldom, In no way, in vain, little, never, rarely, few, No sooner …than, hardly… when, nowhere, not until, Not only…but also, not a single word, not frequently
CET-4 Translation
By Zhai Xiaoli
LOGO
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Contents
一、英汉语言对比
二、汉英翻译技巧 三 、复习方法
四、样卷分析Fra bibliotekCompany Logo
一、英汉语言对比
1.形合与意合 2.主语与话题
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2 修饰成分的语序(定语的语序)
在汉语中，几个定语连用的时候，习惯上把最能能表明 事物本质的放在最前面，距离中心词较远，英语则相反， 越能表明事物基本性质的定语越靠近中心词。 表示物理性质的词距中心词较远，表化学性质的词距中 心词较近 Hydrogen is a light and spontaneously combustible gas.(也可短前，长后) 表示产地的较远，表示原材料的较近。 这是特级的，有图案的国产毛毯。 This is a homemade , superfine, patterned woolen blanket

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2 修饰成分的语序(状语的位置)
英汉副词的位置大致一致，但英语中，状语位置十分灵 活，有些情况下需要调整。在汉语中表示时间、地点、 原因、条件、比较、关涉对象等状语的语序与英语往往 一致，通常置于句首。 Eg1我是去年在北京遇见他的 I met him in Beijing last year . Eg2从杭州坐旅游车，向西南走大约3小时左右，可以到 达一个叫瑶林的旅游胜地。 There is a tourist attraction called Yaolin which you can reach in about 3 hours by going southwest by tourist bus from Hangzhou (镜像对称)
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3 被动语态的翻译 汉语形式上是主动语态，意义上被动的句子。隐 性的被动语态 Eg:困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决了。 The difficulties have been overcome, the work has been done and the problem (has been) solved.(并列结构，省略结构) 是+动词+的判断句。 语言是在实践中逐渐形成的。 Language has been formed in practice
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1、词汇层面的处理 Eg:3 你做什么没关系，重要的问题是你怎么做 What you do does not matter, The important thing is how u do it Eg:4 我阅读了关于那些问题的著作 I have read books about these subjects I have referred to works dealing with those subjects Eg:5 你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题 You will find the topic being discussed everywhere

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3 被动语态的翻译
Eg:201206 The famous novel is said to(已经被翻译成 多种语言)------ have been translated into many languages. 200706Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life---------(用他们能够借到多少来衡量的)，, not how much they can earn is measured by how much they can borrow 201006 We look forward to ---(被邀请出席开幕式) being invited to attend the opening ceremony
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3 被动语态的翻译 地基是石头砌成的，墙壁则是砖头垒起的(先简 化) The foundation is made of stones and the wall (is made )of bricks. 汉语的无主句，泛指主题句等 据说这个事故跟他有关 It is said he is involved in this accident