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大学实用翻译教程(英汉双向)第十四章 WTO英文文本的翻译[精]
第十四章
WTO英文文本的翻译
第一节 WTO概述
一、概述
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization designed to supervise and liberalize international trade. The WTO came into being on 1 January 1995.
The WTO’s headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland.
Its main mission is "to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible".
Its five principles: (1) Non-Discrimination (2) Reciprocity (3) Binding and enforceable
commitments (4) Transparency (5) Safety valves
第二节
WTO英文文本的语言特色
(2) 拉丁语
3、古英语词语的使用 在WTO的所有协定中,几乎都能找到
这样的行文"Members,...Hereby agree as follows:(各成员,……特此 协议如下:)此处的“hereby”为古英语 词汇,这类词语一般都用于法律文件 中,体现其典型的国际协议的行文体 例和风格。这类词语大多以 “here”,”there”开头,部分以 “where”开头。以here和there开头的 这类词语几乎可以互用。
The WTO has 153 members, which represents more than 95% of total world trade.
The WTO is governed by a Ministerial Conference, which meets every two years; a General Council, which implements the conference’s policy decisions and is responsible for day-to-day administration; and a directorgeneral, who is appointed by the Ministerial Conference.
从 1948 年的 GATT 到今天 WTO, WTO 已经制定和通过了大量的法律 文件和各种协定, 以此来规范WTO 成员国之间的经贸活动。WTO 这些 法律和协定用三种语言拟定, 即英语、 法语和西班牙语, 三种文本具有同等 效力, 尤以英文文本的使用最为广泛。 WTO 英文法律文本具有一定的语言 特色, 了解这些语言特色有助于我们 更好的理解 WTO 英文法律文本。
普通词汇
法律词语
中文释义
ask
request
请求
adopt
foster
采取
end
conclude
结束
fair
equitable
公正
guess
conjecture
推测
include
encompass
包含
in proportion to commensurate with 与…相当
keep...from
除此之外,在法律文献中出现频率较 高的古体词汇还有:aforementioned (上述的),aforesaid(如前所述), thence(从那时起),thenceforth (其后,从那时起),whosoever (不管是谁)等等。
Members shall comply with Articles 1 through 21 of the Berne Convention (1971) and the Appendix thereto. However, Members shall not have rights or obligations under this Agreement in respect of the rights conferred under Article 6 is of that Convention or of the rights derived therefrom.
一、法律文体、措词严密
1、庄严词语的使用
WTO法律文件以准确严谨为主要特点, 其文体属于庄严文体(The frozen style),其用词、句法结构、文体、行 文方式等有其自身的特点和要求。由 于WTO协定直接规定成员的权力和义 务,其用词自然不同于文学语言丰富 多样性和新闻词汇时尚创新性,其追 求的是词汇的严谨统一,并体现法律 文件的庄严冷峻和不带感情色彩的语 气。
此句中的thereto和therefrom都是复合副 词,。Thereto可理解为to there或to that, there from可理解为from there或from that。
译:各成员均应遵守《伯尔尼公约》(1971) 第一条至第二十一条及其附录。但就《伯 尔尼公约》第六条附则下授予的权利或该 附则中引出的权利而言,各成员不应享有 或承担本协议的权利或义务。
Its main two functions
(1) It oversees the implementation, administration and operation of the covered agreements.
(2) It provides a forum for negotiations and for settling disputes.
refrain...from
避免
meet
convene
开会
obtain
secure
获得
Hale Waihona Puke passelapse
消逝
perform
discharge
及行
qualified
eligible
够格的
relevant
pertinent
有关的
start
commence
开始
supply
furnish
提供
2、频繁使用法语、拉丁语等 (1)法语单词