大学英语翻译教程第八讲
(14) Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.
8.1.3增补复合句中省略的词语
英语复合句中的省略比起并列补,主要视 具体情况根据汉语的表达习惯而定。如:
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第8讲 翻译技巧(四)
-增词法
增词法(亦称增补法或增益法):指在英汉翻 译中适当增加原文中无其形而有其义的词语, 以使译文自然通顺,完整、贴切地表达原文的 思想内容。
(1)Success is often just an idea away. 原译:成功往往只是一个念头的距离。
改译:成功与否往往只是一念之差。
(2)The dust, the uproar and the growing darkness threw everything into chaos. 原译:烟尘、喧闹声和渐浓的夜色使一切都陷 入混乱之中。
改译:烟尘滚滚,人声嘈杂,夜色愈浓,一切 都陷入混乱之 中。
运用增词法的两种主要情况: 英文原文中由于语法原因省略的词语 英语原文中未明确表达的隐含意义
(11) All bodies consist of molecules and molecules of atoms.
(12) Ice is the solid state, water the liquid state, and water vapor the gaseous state.
(13) It’s more expensive than it was last time but not as good.
样品内部的毛病,如果有的话,可以用超声波
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需要增译省略成分的例句
(16) Electricity is produced if acids react more with one metal than the other.
(17) If looking at the moon through a telescope, we can see lines and circles.
(22)My teaching, my family and my friends are more than enough to fill my time.
8.2.1增加动词
(23) Sanctions admittedly pressed harder on some countries than others.
运用增词法的两种主要类型 增补原文中省略的词语 增加语义上、修辞上需要的词语
Contents
8.1. 增补原文中省略的词语 8.2. 增加语义上、修辞上需要的词语
8.1增补原文中省略的词语
8.1.1 增补回答句中省略的词语 8.1.2 增补并列句中省略的词语 8.1.3 增补复合句中省略的词语
8.1.1 增补回答句中省略的词语
在回答英语一般疑问句时,通常采用省略句。汉译 时,为了使表达清楚、意思完整,有时需要增补省 却的词语。如:
(3) Are you hungry? Not very. (4) Shall I bring you a dictionary or an encyclopaedia?
Both, please. (5) When are they due to arrive? In about two hours. (6) Can energy be changed from one form into
another? Yes, it can.
8.1.2 增补并列句中省略的词语
8.2 增加语义上、修辞上需要的词语
8.2.1增加动词 8.2.2 增加形容词或副词 8.2.3 增加名词 8.2.4 增加表示名词复数的词语 8.2.5增加量词 8.2.6增加概括性的词语 8.2.7增加解释性的词语 8.2.8增加表达时态的词语 8.2.9增加关联性的词语
(18) Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.
(19) Unless compelled, they will not go. (20) When pure, water is a colourless liquid.
在英语并列句中,假若后面分句中有与前面分 句相同的部分,经常予以省略,以避免重复。 汉译时为了使译文句子意思完整,表达通顺, 往往需要增补所省略的词语。如:
(7) She majors in psychology and her brother in sociology.
(8) A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.
(9)We won’t retreat; we never have and never will.
8.1.2 增补并列句中省略的词语
(10) The total amount of solution added is not important, but the amount of solute is.
8.2.1增加动词
根据上下文的具体意义,汉译时经常需要在某 些名词及动名词之前或之后增加动词,才能使 译文的意思明确完整。如
( 21) It is interesting to note that the impetus for both steam engines and railways came for the mine.
(15) I’ll have the letter photocopied if necessary. (不需增补) 如果必要我可以请人把这封信复印一下。
Internal defects in the specimen, if any, can be detected by ultrasonic waves.(需增补)