谓语的多主动式VS多被动式
1. 问题解决了。 2. 大家都觉得这样做不妥。 3. 必须采取某些措施来控制水污染。
4. 明天下午两点开教学研究会，全体教
师务必参加。
谓语的多主动式VS多被动式
1. The problem has been solved. 2. It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 3. Measures have to be taken to control the water pollution. 4. There will be a Teaching Symposium at 2：00 p. m. tomorrow．All the faculty is expected to attend．
谓语必须与宾语在逻辑上搭配得当
1. （日本派大批的留学生，到中国来学习中国文化。）自 然，他们也学会了中国的饮茶。 Accordingly, they became accustomed to the Chinese tea-drinking. 2. 到去麦当劳去吃什么? 有人总结说：吃时髦，吃清洁， 吃快捷，吃氛围，吃气派，吃档次，吃高雅。闹了半天， 还没有涉及“吃饱肚子”。 For what do we go to the McDonald‟s? Summarized are the following answers: for its popularity, for its remarkable cleanness, for its instant services, for its exotic atmosphere, for showing off, for its super quality, for its elegant consumption. With so many “fors”, yet we have not come to “for our stomach”. (曾利沙译)
• 金杯牌汽床垫工艺先进，结构新颖，造 型美观，款式繁多，舒适大方，携带方 便． • The “Golden Cup” brand air-filled bed cushions are made in advanced technology. With novel structure, beautiful shape and various patterns , they are comfortable and convenient to carry.
• 原文若是形容词短语，名词短语，数量词或介 词短语作谓语，译文中常常采用系表结构作谓 语． 你们一定知道，这种打字机轻便高效，经久耐 用又经济实惠，适合高中学生使用． You are well aware that this type of typewriter is portable and durable, economical and practical for high school students.
After-class practice for last lecture
1. Attitudes towards retirement vary from person to person. 2. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, 3. but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed. 4. Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap, they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provide.
主谓一致+时态+语气
1. 改革和开放也使民族精神获得了新的解放。 Reforms and the open-up policy have also further emancipated the minds of the people. 2. 他过去的那副尊容，只要你见过一次，无论什么 时候你都不会忘记。 He had a face that once you saw is never forgotten. 3. （三中全会的政策）谁想变也变不了。 No one could change this even if he wanted to. 4. 她的独子让车给轧了。 Her only son was run over by a car.
谓语必须与主语在逻辑上搭配得当
1. 你的教学科研取得了长足的进步，但不应因此而自满。 You have made great progress in teaching and research but you should guard against complacency． 2. 汉语部不仅教中国学生汉语和中国文学课，还招收学习 汉语的外国留学生。 The Chinese Program offers not only Chinese and Chinese Literature for Chinese students but courses for international students of Chinese. 3. 本书精选中国南方26个少数民族的131则脍炙人口的故 事。 The book consists of 131 superb stories popular among 26 minority nationalities in the south of China.
After-class practice for last lecture
5. Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives. 6. Tired out after all exhausting life revolving around work, they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved. 7. As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion, 8. they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream, such as writing, painting, growing flowers and traveling around.
汉英主谓结构的差别
汉语的分析型(analytic)语言VS. 英语的综合型(synthetic)语言 汉语的复杂谓语成分VS.英语的 单一谓语成分 汉语谓语的多主动式VS.英语谓 语的多被动式
分析型语言VS综合型语言
汉语分析型语言典型特征： 1. 无词尾屈折变化 (inflection) 2. 词没有阳性和阴性的变化，没有表阳性和阴性 的词缀 英语综合型语言有丰富的屈折变化形式： 1. table／tables 2. run／ran／run 3. the boy„s 4. She sings beautifully. 汉语语法呈隐含性(covertness)，英语语法呈 外显性(overtness)
3. Fast food is not wholesome, after all.
4. Samsung Brand cell phones look beautiful. 5. History is made by the people. 6. He is good for nothing but hijacking vehicles and looting the goods by killing the drivers with his gun.
• 汉语句子中的谓语可以是一个主谓词组，而英 语的句子不可以用主谓词组充当谓语．例如： • 他们正在谈论的那位女教师品格正直． The woman teacher they are now talking about is upright. • 武汉这个地方，我认为比深圳好． I think WuHan is better than Shenzhen.
确定谓语的原则
1. 谓语要和主语保持人称、数的一致； 2. 谓语要明示汉语隐含的时态、情态和语气； 3. 原文若为有形式标志的被动式，译文宜用被动式作谓语； 4. 原文若为无形式标志的被动式，译文亦选择被动式作谓语； 5. 若不知原文谓语动作的发出者是谁，或者原文的主语为 “人们”、“大家”等，或者句中含有 “据传”、“据 悉”等字眼，译文的谓语常用以 “it” 为形式主语的被动 句式； 6. 谓语要符合英语表达习惯和语体特征。 7. 谓语必须与主语在逻辑上搭配得当 8. 谓语必须与宾语在逻辑上搭配得当
After-class practice for last lecture
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
不同的人对退休持不同的态度。 有些人认为退休后可享受晚年的生活。 但真的退下来了，他们则有点失望。 看到自己就要被抛到废物堆里，他们不甘认命，设法另找 事干来发挥自己的余热，以继续得到收入。 另一些人则对一生中这样一个重大变动早有准备。 他们一生为工作操劳，现在筋疲力尽了，渴望退休后能放 松拉紧的弦，好好休息。 由于不再需要每天早晨去赶公共汽车了，不再要为晋级忧 虑。 就可以有足够的时间去追求童年时的梦想，如写写书、画 画图、种种花、周游各地。
谓语成分的复杂性VS单一性
1. 她的未婚夫快餐食品并不健康！