英国文学简史期末考试复习要点一、中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485）•《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）•《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer)“英国诗歌之父”。
（Father of English Poetry）《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初）•托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More ）《乌托邦》（Utopia）•埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser）《仙后》（The Faerie Queene)•弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）《论说文集》（Essays)克里斯托弗·马洛 Christopher Marlowe•《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine）•《浮士德博士的悲剧》（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus）•《马耳他岛的犹太人》（The Jew of Malta）威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare ）《哈姆莱特》（Hamlet） SONNET18三、17世纪文学约翰·弥尔顿 John Milton《失乐园》（Paradise Lost）•约翰·班扬（John Bunyan）《天路历程》（The Pilgrim’s Progress）四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期—18世纪中期）18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。
新古典主义推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。
亚历山大·蒲柏（Alexander Pope）是新古典主义诗歌的代表。
•乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift《格列佛•丹尼尔·笛福 Daniel Defoe 英国小说之父《鲁滨孙漂流记》（Robinson Crusoe）•亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding《汤姆·琼斯》（Tom Jones）•乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift《格列佛游记》Gulliver’s Travels•亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding《汤姆·琼斯》（Tom Jones）托马斯·格雷 Thomas Gray《墓园哀歌》（Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard）五、浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832）•罗伯特·彭斯 Robert Burns•威廉·布莱克 William Blake•威廉·华兹华斯 William Wordsworth•塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治 Samuel Taylor Coleridge《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads）一. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485)<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Homer’s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:ing alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound （头韵）Some examples on P5ing metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)The father of English poetry.It is ____alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的，广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A )A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Matin LutherC. William LanglandD. John Gowerwriting style: wisdom, humor, humanity.① <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle EnglishMedieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three：King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance Period文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初）A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Two features1. a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature2.the keen interest in the activities of humanity.The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts:(1)to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe,(2)to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie,(3)to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:1.new discoveries in geography and astrology2.the religious reformation and economic expansion3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.English Renaissance:the early 16th century to the early 17th century.1.Edmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
） The poets’ poet. The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster Abbey12. Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for “the poet’s poet”? ( B )A. Spenser’s idealismB. his struggle for criteriaC. his love of beautyD. his exquisite melody① <The Faerie Queen>仙后(for Queen Elizabeth)The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.Artistic features:ing Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter.② <The Shepherds Calendar>牧人日历The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.2. Thomas More托马斯•莫尔1478~1535One of the greatest English humanists①<Utopia>乌托邦3. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。