英国文学简史英美文学史名词翻译Neoclassicism (新古典主义) Renaissance (文艺复兴)Metaphysical poetry (玄学派诗歌) Classism (古典主义)Enlightenment (启蒙运动) Romanticism (浪漫主义)Byronic Hero (拜伦式英雄) Aestheticism（美学主义）Stream of consciousness (意识流) the Age of Realism (现实主义时期)Naturalism (自然主义) Local Colorist (乡土文学)Imagism (意象主义) The Lost Generation (迷惘的一代)Surrealism (超现实主义) The Beat Generation (垮掉的一代) Metaphysical poets (玄学派诗人）New Criticism (新批评主义)Feminism(女权主义) Hemingway Code Hero (海明威式英雄) Impressionism (印象主义) Post modernity (后现代主义)Realism (现实主义) Allegory (寓言)Romance (传奇) epic(史诗)Blank Verse (无韵诗) Essay (随笔)Masques or Masks (假面剧) Spenserian Stanza (斯宾塞诗节)Three Unities (三一.原则) Meter (格律)Soliloquy (独白) Cavalier poets (骑士派诗人)Elegy (挽歌) . Action/plot (情节)Atmosphere (基调) Epigram (警句)The Heroic Couplet (英雄对偶句) Sentimentalism (感伤主义文学)Aside (旁白) Denouement (戏剧结局)parable (寓言) Genre (流派)Irony (反讽) Satire (讽刺)Lyric (抒情诗) Ode (颂歌)Pastoral (田园诗) Canto (诗章)Lake Poets (湖畔诗人) Image (意象)Dramatic monologue（戏剧独白）Psychological novel (心理小说)Allusion (典故) Protagonist and Antagonist (正面人物与反面人物) Symbolism (象征主义) Existentialism (存在主义)Anti-hero (反面人物) Rhyme (押韵)Round Character (丰满的人物) Flat character (平淡的人物)Oedipus complex (俄狄浦斯情结/蛮母厌父情结) Iambic pentameter (抑扬格五音步)Poetic license (诗的破格) Legend (传说)Myth (神话) Pessimism (悲观主义)Tragicomedy (悲喜剧) Comedy of manners (风俗喜剧)Free Verse (自由体诗歌) Magic realism (魔幻现实主义) Autobiography (自传) Biography (传记)Foot (脚注) Protagonist (正面人物)Psychological Realism (心理现实主义) Setting (背景)Chronicle《编年史》Ballads 民谣consonant(协调,一致) repetition (反复)repeated initial(开头的)一、中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485）•《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）•《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer) ―英国诗歌之父（Father of English Poetry）《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales ）二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初）•托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More ）《乌托邦》（Utopia）•埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser）《仙后》（The Faerie Queene)•弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）《论说文集》（Essays)•克里斯托弗·马洛（Christopher Marlowe）《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine）《浮士德博士的悲剧》（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus）《马耳他岛的犹太人》（The Jew of Malta ）•威廉·莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ）四大悲剧: Hamlet（哈姆雷特）、Othello（奥瑟罗）、King Lear（李尔王）、Macbeth（麦克白）四大喜剧：A Midsummer Night's Dream《仲夏夜之梦》As you like it《皆大欢喜》Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》The merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》三、17世纪文学•约翰·弥尔顿John Milton 《失乐园》（Paradise Lost）（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。
）①Epics: <Paradise Lost>失乐园<Paradise Regained>复乐园②②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙•约翰·班扬（John Bunyan）《天路历程》（The Pilgrim’s Progress）（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。
与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。
）Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)①Religionary Allegory:<The Pilgrim‟s Progress>天路历程•约翰·多恩（英国诗人）John Donnethe Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人). Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）Artistic features: 1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻The Flea 虱子③Valediction:<Forbidding Mourning>四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期—18世纪中期）18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。
新古典主义推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。
亚历山大·蒲柏（Alexander Pope）是新古典主义诗歌的代表。
Alexander Pope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “heroic couplets”。
词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。
）As a representative of the Enlightenment，Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England....①<An Essay on Criticism>批评论Artistic features: ing “heroic couplets” ②<The Rape of the Lock>卷发遇劫记③<Moral Essays>道德论<Essay on Man>人论<The Dunciad>愚人记•乔纳森·斯威夫特Jonathan Swift 《格列佛游记》Gulliver’s Travels（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。
）①<Gulliver‟s Travels>格列佛游记(fictional work) Four parts: Lilliput 小人国Brobdingnag 大人国Flying Island 飞岛Houyhnhnm 马岛<A Modest Proposal>一个小小的建议②<The Battle of Books>书战③<A Tale of a Tub>木桶的故事④<The Drapper‟s Letters>一个麻布商的书信•丹尼尔·笛福Daniel Defoe 英国小说之父《鲁滨孙漂流记》（Robinson Crusoe）（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
）He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.•亨利·菲尔丁Henry Fielding 《汤姆·琼斯》（Tom Jones）（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父”。
）He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.①novels: <The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling>弃婴汤姆•琼斯<The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews>约瑟夫•安德鲁<The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great>大诗人江奈生•威尔德•托马斯·格雷Thomas Gray 《墓园哀歌》（Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard ）Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德•布林斯利•施莱登1751~1816①<The Rivals>情敌②<The School for Scandal>造谣学校William Blake威廉•布莱克1757~1827 ①<Songs of Innocence>天真之歌 A happy and innocent world from children‟s eye. ②<Songs of Experience>经验之歌 A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes. Include: <The Chimney Sweeper> <London> <The Tyger> Lamb is a symbol of peaceand purity Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolenceRobert Burns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796 The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century. Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗②<A Red, Red Rose>一朵红红的玫瑰③<Auld Long Syne>往昔时光④<A Man‟s a Man for A‟That>不管那一套⑤<My Heart‟s in the Highlands>我的心在那高原上五、浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832）Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey•罗伯特·彭斯Robert BurnsThe greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century. Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗①<John Anderson, My Jo>约翰•安德生，我的爱人，Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect，苏格兰抒情歌谣集②<A Red, Red Rose>一朵红红的玫瑰③Auld Lang Syne 友谊地久天长④<A Man‟s a Man for A‟That>不管那一套⑤My heart is on the plateau我的心在那高原上⑥<Bruce At Bannockburn>布鲁斯在班诺克本⑦<The Tree Of Liberty> 自由树Farewell to Scotland 再见苏格兰•威廉·布莱克William Blake①<Songs of Innocence>天真之歌 A happy and innocent world from children‟s eye. ②<Songs of Experience>经验之歌 A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes. Include: <The Chimney Sweeper> 扫烟囱的小孩<London> <The Tyger> Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence ③<The Marriage of Heaven and Hell> 天堂与地狱的婚姻•威廉·华兹华斯William Wordsworth（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。