that very few people believe him．
• （二）注意感情色彩的差异
• 忌妒、羡慕
• (1)学生很羡慕她的博学。 • Students admire her for her wide range of knowledge
• (2)你不该忌妒人，说人家的坏话。 • It is unwise of you to be jealous of others and to
speak evil of others．
• (3)不少女人忌妒张小姐的美貌。 • Miss Zhang's beauty is the envy of a lot of women．
• （三）注意搭配习惯
• (1)那位贪污受贿的官员被撤销了职务。 • The official who is guilty of corruption and taking
• “I don’t mean that kind of hsing,” said the Patriarch, ‘‘I mean what was your family, what surname had they?”
• Note: There is a pun on hsing, “surname”, and hsing, “temper”. (Tr．Arthur Waley)
• 译文II：If some one could go to Yingzhou to fetch my family members to the mountain，I should be very grateful for our reunion．
• 三、双关语的英译
• （一）直译加注
• 祖师道：“……你姓什么？”猴王又道：“我无性。……一生无 性。”
• （二） 双关语难译，但不能因此放弃努力。相反， 译者应付出更多的创造性劳动。事实上，也不乏 有关佳译。
• 你是萍——凭什么打我的儿子!(曹禺《雷雨》) • Why，you are my—mighty with your fist?
第二节 同义词与反义词的英译 处理
• 一、同义词的处理
• 一串同义词在意义、用法、感情色彩、文体意 义、搭配习惯方面，并不尽相同。因此，英译时 应考虑以下几点。
• 译文I：If there are those who go into the soldier’s camp to find my brother’s household and bring them here，the whole city will know of it．(Tr．Pearl Buck)
people, the physically handicapped and the sick should all be properly taken care of．
• (二) 俗语、称谓 • 俗语用法不依常规，若单凭字面意义翻译，很容易译
错。称谓也不宜按字面处理。例如：
• 若得一人到颍州取得小弟家眷上山，实拜成全之福。 (《水浒传》)
• 祖师道：“不是这个性。你父母原来姓什么?”(吴承恩《西游 记》)
• “Oh well,” said the Patriarch，“… But tell me, what is your hsing?”
• “I never show hsing,” said the Monkey．“All my life I have never shown hsing.”
• 二、歧义词
• (一) 同形异义词 • 古汉语中多单音节词，这些单音节词逐渐向双音节词
发展。古汉语的一些形同义不同的词需特别注意。
• 鳏寡孤独废疾者皆有所养。 • 译文I：Helpless widows and widowers, the lonely,
as well as the sick and disabled, are well cared for． • 译文II：Widowers, widows, orphans, childless old
• 3．上下文与词义的广狭
• 英译时，需要根据上下文辨别词义的广狭。 如：
• 出入下车。 • No cycling at the gate． • 或 Cyclists please dism的心事。 • I could read his mind．
• (2)他看出了她的破绽。 • He spotted her weak point．
• (一) 仔细辨析词义
• 比较、对比
• (1)让我们把译文和原文做一番比较，看看有无出入。 • Let’s compare the translation with the original so
as to see if there is any discrepancy．
• (2)他的行为和他的诺言很不相符，很少有人相信他。 • His conduct contrasts so sharply with his promises
• generate electricity
• 2．上下文与词义的褒贬
• (1)他热衷于个人名利。 • He is always hankering after personal fame and
gains．
• (2)她热衷于花样滑冰。 • She is fond of figure skating．
• (3)金钱，美女，城市的繁华生活，都没有使他动心， 他仍旧埋头科学研究。
• Neither money nor pretty women, still less the pleasures of city life, lured him away from immerging himself in scientific studies．
词语的翻译(1)
(一) 上下文
1．上下文与词义选择
•发
• (1) 发货—
• deliver goods
• (2) 发传单— • distribute leaflets
• (3) 发言—
• speak at a meeting
• (4) 发光发热— • emit light and heat
• (5) 发电—