例4：“意思”
甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。 乙：你这个人真是有意思，怎么也来这一套？ 甲：唉，只是意思意思。 乙：啊，真是不好意思。 A: This is a little gift as a token of my appreciation. Please do take it. • B: Oh, aren’t you a bit too polite? You should not do that. • A: Well, it just conveys my gratitude. • B: Ah, thank you then, though I really do not deserve it. • • • • •
• 你留个电话，有事好跟你商量。 • Give me your telephone number so that I can contact you when necessary.
例2：“轻巧”的译法
• • • • • • 这摩托车很轻巧。 The motorcycle is light and handy. 她动作很轻巧。 She is nimble in movement. 你说得倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。 You talk as if it were just a walkover. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too?
第一讲 汉英词汇比较与翻译
Schedule for the Semester
• • • • • Semantic translation (7 Chapters) Syntactic translation (4 Chapters) Textual translation (3 Chapters) Plus Review and Practice Final Score =practice 20%+midterm 20%+finalterm 60%
例3：“考察”的译法
• 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考 察了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。 • In his lifetime, Xu Xiake, a great traveler in China’s Ming Dynasty, toured 16 provinces, leaving his footmarks in nearly every corner of the country.
搭配
• You shall know a word by the company it keeps. By Firth. • 正式会议formal meeting • 正式声明official statement • 正式成员the full member of the delegation
化
• 经济法制化:manage economic affairs within a framework • 经济全球化: economic globalization • 社会知识化:build a knowledge-driven society • 国际关系民主化: the practice of democracy in international relations • 国民经济信息化: build an information-based national economy • 科研成果产业化: apply scientific research results to industrial production
翻译中的选词
• The largest quantity of translation in a text is done at the level of the word. By Peter Newmark. • 1.根据语义范围选词 • 2.从近义词中选词 • 3.根据搭配选词 • 4.根据褒贬选词
翻译下列词语
• • • • • • • 一窝蜜蜂 一窝小鸡 一窝幼犬 一群美女 一群猎狗 一群羚羊 一群鸭
• • • • • • •来自A swarm of bees A brood of chickens A litter of pups A bevy of beautiful ladies A pack of hounds A herd of antelopes A team of ducks
选择词义
• • • • • 根据： 词典； 语境； 搭配； 逻辑
语境
• • • • • man and wife; officers and men his man Friday man-of-war Be a man!
例1“好”的译法
• • • • • • • • 好的开始是成功的一半。 Well begun, half done. 邻居对她都很好。 Her neighbors are all very kind to her. 这我们好解决。 The problem can be easily solved. 今天下午好几个人找你。 Quite a few people came in looking for you this afternoon.
• 还有些未完成的事要处理。 • There is still some unfinished business to settle. • 我们就这件事请教过他。 • We have consulted him about the matter. • 请回去吧，这里没你的事了。 • Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now.
• 积极支持: unfailing support • 积极的财政政策: proactive fiscal policy • 积极利用国外资源: make effective use of overseas resources
• • • • •
基本工资:basic wage 基本建设:capital construction 基本物质:essential commodity 基本工业:primary industry 基本利益:fundamental interest
• 3富华家具带给您典雅的欧陆风情。 • You will be enchanted by the unique European amorous feelings of Fuhua furniture. • You will be enchanted by the unique European style of Fuhua furniture.
• 2佃农家庭的生活自然是很苦的。可是由于母亲 聪明能干，却也舒服。 • The life of a tenant farmer’s family was of course hard, but we somehow managed to scrape along because mother was a clever and able woman. • The life of a tenant farmer’s family was of course hard, but it was somehow comfortable because mother was a clever and able woman.
• • • • • • • •
大家对这一做法很有意见。 Everyone complained against such a practice. 他们在会上闹起了意见。 They had a dispute at the meeting. 你应该听从医生的意见。 You should follow the doctor’s advice. 他们就此问题取得了一致的意见。 They reached a consensus on this issue.
练习
• • • • • • • • • • • a good Christian a good parent a good child a good wife a good tooth a good reason a good income a good table a good person a good heart good manners
逻辑：约定俗成
• 胆小如鼠:as timid as a rat/rabbit • 落汤鸡:a drowned rat/chicken • 养虎为患:to cherish a snake/tiger in one’s bosom • 瓮中捉鳖: like a rat in the hole • 如鱼得水: like a duck/fish to water • 愚蠢如猪: as stupid as a goose/pig • 犟得像头牛: as stubborn as a donkey/ox
选择练习
• 1他昨天擦破了皮，现在到医院换药去了。 • He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to change medicine in the hospital. • He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to change dressing in the hospital.
• 为了进行真实、细致的考察，他很少乘船、 坐车。 • In order to get a detailed and truthful picture of the places he visited, he usually travelled on foot even when carriages and boats were available. • 他总是选择道路艰险的山区、人迹罕至的森 林进行考察。 • He always preferred to venture into mountainous areas with rough tracks, and into forests seldom visited by human beings.