轻音乐 轻微的损失 轻便的汽车 轻松的心情 轻快的脚步 轻浮的举止 轻巧的装备 轻松的工作 轻柔的声音
Reasons for using diction： Polysemy and different collocation
eat soup heavy rain
strong wind
black tea
第四章
第一节 词义的选择、引申和褒贬
一、词义的选译 Diction
By ―diction‖ we mean the proper
choice of words and phrases in
translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original.
brown sugar
strong tea prime time
喝汤 大雨 大风 红茶 红糖 浓茶 黄金时间
选择词义的要领
1. 根据词性选择词义
2. 根据上下文及逻辑关系选择词义 3. 根据搭配选择词义
1. 根据词性选择词义
Every penny I earned from the work was
词义的引申主要包括：
– 抽象化引申 – 具体化引申 – 典故的词义引申
2.1 抽象化引申
I was practically on my knees but he still
refused. 我几乎是苦苦哀求，但他依然拒绝。 The two sisters were usually in agreement on most issues, but they were at swords’ points on the matter of abortion. 在很多问题上姐妹俩的意见通常是一致的， 但在人工流产问题上，她们是有激烈争 执的。
2. 根据上下文及逻辑关系选择 词义
story:
3. Some reporters who were not included in the sessions broke the story. 有些没有参加那次会议的记者把内情捅出 去了。 4. The Rita Hayworth story is one of the saddest. 丽泰•海华丝的遭遇算最惨的了。
2. 根据上下文及逻辑关系选择 词义
story:
5. Last December, the Post first reported that probes were being made in each of those cities, but officials refused to confirm the story. 去年12月，《邮报》首先报道侦察工 作已在那些城市里进行，但官员们拒 绝证实这条消息。
2. 根据上下文及逻辑关系选择 词义
help:
12. Humor often helps a tense situation. 幽默常能缓和紧张局面。 13. —Do you let your holiday cottage? —Oh yes, it helps with the upkeep. 甲：你出租你的度假别墅吗？ 乙：是啊，这样可以补贴房屋的保养费。
译2：我们又一次领略了他那广博的知识、 丰富的经验和无穷的智慧。
3. 根据搭配选择词义
In every Chinese city, we go into the
streets, shops ,theaters and restaurants. 在中国我们每到一个城市，就逛大街、逛 商店、上剧场、下饭馆。
sweat money. 我工作时赚的每一分钱可都是血汗钱。 In the states, schools as well as many families encourage these activities in order to teach young people the value of money and that they must sweat to earn their share. 在美国，为使年轻人懂得金钱的价值，并 且懂得应当靠劳动挣钱，学校和家庭都 积极提倡这一活动。
2. 根据上下文及逻辑关系选择 词义
help:
1. He helped sweep the floors of the waiting rooms. 他帮助打扫了候车室。 2. The government needs to help the needy. 政府要救济穷人。 3. Trade helps the development of industry. 贸易促进工业的发展。
不过偶尔也有个把人，死后确 实当得起那些好话。真的是虔 诚的教徒、慈爱的父母、贤良 的妻子、尽职的丈夫。
3. 根据搭配选择词义
He once again imparted to us his great
knowledge , experience and wisdom.
译1：我们又一次领略了他那许多的知识、 经验和智慧。
Reasons for using diction： Polysemy and different collocation
Peter passed.
(examination)：
彼得考试通过了。 (bridge game)： 彼得未叫牌。 (football game)： 彼得把球传给了队友。
（5）好景不长。
Good times don’t last long．
（6）形势有好转。
The situation took a favorable turn．
汉译英的例子：关于词义的选择
（7）我已经好久没有看见他了。
I haven't seen him for a long time．
（8）我好几个星期都不在家。
3. 根据搭配选择词义
You cannot build a ship, a bridge or a
house if you don’t know how to make a design or how to read it.
不会制图或看不懂图纸，就不可能 造船、架桥或盖房子。
3. 根据搭配选择词义
一些词组的抽象化引申
make fish of one and flesh of another 厚此
薄彼 lick one’s boots 巴结 keep sth. under one’s hat 保密 eat one’s heart out 极度悲痛 be in sb’s pocket 被某人操纵 put one’s cards on the table 表明观点 eat like a bird 吃得极少 walk on air 得意洋洋
2.2 具体化引申
The publishing house has to take the
readability of the novel into consideration. 出版社不得不考虑这部小说的可读性。
It sometimes happens that a person
departs his life, who is really deserving of the praises; who is a good Christian, a good parent, a good child, a good wife or a good husband.
2. 根据上下文及逻辑关系选择 词义
story:
1.This war is becoming the most important story of his generation. 这场战争行将成为这一代人的最重大的事 件。 2. It is quite another story now. 现在的情况完全不同了。
2.1 抽象化引申
I must bare my heart to someone, or I
shall go mad! 我一定要和人说说心里话，否则我就会发 疯了！ I have no head for music. 我没有音乐方面的天赋。 His little sister dogs him a whole day long. 他的小妹一整天都如影随形地跟在他后面。
2. 根据上下文及逻辑关系选择 词义
help:
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
10. Mr. Stokes helped himself to some more rum. 斯托克斯先生又自己动手斟了些朗姆酒 。 11. He’s been helping himself to the contents of the till again! 他又在偷账台抽屉里的钱了。
Reasons for using diction： Polysemy and different collocation
light: light music light loss light car light heart light step light manners light outfit light work light voice
2. 根据上下文及逻辑关系选择 词义
help:
7. This room is so depressing—I suppose new curtains would help. 这房间让人觉得压抑——我想换上新窗帘 会觉得好些。 8. I helped Oakley inside. 我扶奥克利走进去。 9. Can I help you to some more meat? 给你再来点肉好吗？
2. 根据上下文及逻辑关系选择 词义
help:
4. I couldn’t help crying. 我忍不住哭了。 5. This organization may be able to help you with such information. 这个组织也许能为你提供这类信息。 6. Maybe it would help if you took some adult education courses. 你要是学点成人教育课程也许会有好处。