1.) 经济类APEC, ASEAN, EU, EC (EEC), G8EURO, RMB, YEN, POUND, DOLLARUN, WHO, IMF, PLO, FBI, VOA, CIA , NSA, CCCP, DMZ, PLA, QFII, PBOC,CEPANATO, NASA, UNESCO, OPEC, NAFTA, SAFEassociate company (subsidiary / affiliate) 联营公司（子公司、附属公司）aggregate demand 总需求aggregate supply 总供给advanced technology 先进技术active balance (passive balance/ unfavorable balance) 顺差(逆差)acquire 购置、获取，购买，取得所有权acquisition of assets 购置资产absolute advantage 绝对优势（一国或一国的一部分由于拥有原材料、动力、劳动力等自然资源，因而能较廉价地生产某一产品，因此拥有胜过其他国家或地区的优势。
）authorization bill 授权书authorasset 资产Boao Forum for Asia 博鳌亚洲论坛bottom line 帐本底线, 底线banking 银行业black market 黑市budget 预算budget deficit 预算赤字budget surplus 预算盈余bureaucracy 官僚作风, 官僚机构business cycle 商业周期business mechanism 创业机制business prototype 商业原型、商业模型brand loyalty 对某个牌子的忠诚度business fraud (accounting fraud) 商业欺诈(做假帐)bull/bear market 牛市/ 熊市cutting edge (have an edge on) 优势（比…有优势）cash bonuses 现金奖励commercial 商业广告commodity 商品convertible currency 可兑换的货币corporate / entrepreneurial culture 企业文化capital 资本, 资金, 资产checks and balances 政府机关彼此之间、公司内部各部门的相互制约和平衡civil rights/civil liberties 公民权利、自由commerce clause 商业条款common law 习惯法comparative advantage 相对优势competition 竞争confederation 联邦contract 合同cost 成本dealer/ jobber/ broker 经销商/经纪人depreciation / appreciation 贬值/增值deflation / inflation 通货紧缩/ 通货膨胀designer clothing/jeans / sneakers 名牌服装/牛仔裤/运动鞋demand 需求strong demand 需求强劲weak demand 需求疲软insufficient demand 需求不足effective demand 有效需求demand curve 需求曲线democracy 民主depression 萧条，经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业discount rate 贴现率discount market 贴现市场double / triple / quadruple…两倍/三倍/四倍（翻两翻）economic growth 经济增长economics 经济学economical 节约的, 经济的efficiency 效率，功效elasticity 弹性、可塑性、灵活度elite 精英entrepreneur, entrepreneurship 企业家，企业equities [英][pl. ](无固定利息的)股票, 证券electronic dealing 电子交易employment 就业employment rate 就业率employment insurance (EI, 旧称UI--unemployment insurance) 失业保险interest rate(s) 利率infrastructure 基础设施fiscal year 财政年度foreign-invested venture 外资企业foreign-capital enterprise 外资企业fund / capital / venture capital 资金, 资本/ 风险资金federal reserve system (美国)联邦备银行制度federation 联邦fiscal policy 财政政策, 财务方针free trade 自由贸易future market 期货市场go public 上市go under 倒闭gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值hedge (against) 保护或防御手段, 尤指防止经济损失a hedge against inflation. 防止通货膨胀的措施hands-off management 疏松管理high return 高收益，高回报human capital 人力资本，技能资本hyperinflation 恶性通货膨胀investment fever 投资热investment policy 投资政策investment destination 投资地点immediate yield 直接回报ideology 意识形态incentive 动力interest group 利益集团(指因共同利益而结合在一起的一批人)joint venture 合资企业labor 劳动力law of demand 需求定律law of supply 供给定律legitimacy 合理性、合法性limited liability corporation 有限公司listed companies 上市公司liquidity 变现能力market intelligence 市场情报、市场调查market share 市场占有率market economy 市场经济managerial expertise 管理知识mass production 批量生产mechanism 机制merger 合并monopoly 垄断macroeconomics 宏观经济学merit 价值microeconomics 微观经济学monetary policy 货币政策mortgage 按揭make ends meet 收支平衡national debt 国债oligarchy 寡头政治, 寡头政治的执政团opportunity cost 机会成本optimize (maximize / minimize) 优化/ 最大化/ 最小化paragon 模范patent 专利political economy 政治经济pork-barrel legislation猪肉桶立法，又称“分肥立法、分肥拨款pork-barrel appropriations”指立法机关为讨好选民而促使政府向议员所属地方选区拨发的经费。
private enterprise 私营企业productivity 生产力product 产品produce 农产品promotion 促销price 价格place 地点4 P = product, price, place and promotionprofit 利润profitable 有利可图的propaganda （贬义）宣传protectionism （贸易）保护主义performance 业绩public sector 公共部门private sector 私营部门potential market 潜在市场plunge / dip / down （价格）猛跌/ 小跌/ 下跌recession 衰退，不景气referendum 公投rent 租金resources 资源savings 储蓄scarcity 缺乏separation of powers 权利分离subsidy 津贴supply 供给supply side economics 供方经济学start / build…from scratch 从零开始soar / surge / climb （价格）上涨strategic planning 战略部署, 战略计划stock / bond / securities 股票/ 债券/ 证券stock option (share option) 股票期权stock index 股指streamline 精减sales volume 销售额strong （dollar /currency / yen / RMB …）（货币）坚挺tariff 关税tax 税taxation 税收tax relief 税收减除tax holiday 免税期tax policy 税收政策title 所有权trade deficit (surplus) 贸易逆差/ 顺差trade volume 贸易额regime 政权、机制rally 反弹, 股市价格和成交额在下跌后显著的上升restructure 改组、重组top-down management 自上而下的管理模式trade bloc 贸易集团（如：欧盟）trade balance 贸易平衡trade sanction 贸易制裁turnover 销售额Shanghai Stock Exchange 上海证券交易所Shenzhen SE 深圳证券交易所NewYork SE 纽约证券交易所London SE 伦敦证券交易所transaction 交易upstart (new rich) 暴发户unemployment rate 失业率utility 设施veto 否决venture capital 风险资金work force 职工总数、劳动力welfare state 福利国家2) 政治类“Agriculture, Countryside and Farmer”issues 三农问题"bringing in" and "going out" “引进来”和“走出去”政策"eight do's" and "eight don'ts" “八个坚持、八个反对”Four Cardinal Principles 四项基本原则Four modernizations 四个现代化（农、工、国防、科技）"one china, one Taiwan" “一中一台”“one country, two systems”“一国两制”“south -south cooperation”“南南合作”"Taiwan independence" “台湾独立”"two Chinas" “两个中国”“Three Represents”“三个代表”three direct links (mail, air and shipping services and trade) （两岸）直接三通the eight-point proposal 八项主张the five principles of peaceful coexistence 和平共处五项原则the fourth plenary session 四中全会the ninth five-year plan (1996-2000) “九五”计划the tenth five-year plan (2001-2005) “十五”计划the third plenary session of the eleventh central committee 十一届三中全会the three major historical tasks 三大历史任务the three Sino-Us joint communiqués 《中美三个联合公报》three favorable 三个有利于16th party congress 十六大23 million Taiwan compatriots 两千三百万台湾同胞a well-off standard 小康水平a well-off society 小康社会advance the development of the western region 推进西部大开发advances with the times 与时代发展同步伐at the proper time and to an appropriate degree 适时适度attempts to split the country 各种分裂图谋blazing new trails in a pioneering spirit 开拓创新build a well-off society in an all-round way 全面建设小康社会building a moderately prosperous society in all respects 全面建设小康社会build a clean and honest government 廉政建设build a conservation-minded society 建设(资源)节约型社会china's cross-century development 我国的跨世纪发展china's international standing 我国的国际地位china's overall national strength 我国综合国力citizens' participation in political affairs 公民政治参与civic duty 公民职责civil rights / civil liberties 公民权利、自由civil servants 公务员creativity, cohesion and fighting capacity 创造力、凝聚力和战斗力cross-straits negotiations 两岸谈判cross-straits relations 两岸关系crucial historical juncture 重大历史关头democratic decision-making 民主决策democratic elections 民主选举democratic management 民主管理Democratic Progressive Party 民进党democratic supervision 民主监督Deng Xiaoping theory 邓小平理论deputy to the National People's Congress 全国人大代表extensive and profound 博大精深extravagance and waste 铺张浪费falsification 弄虚作假family planning 计划生育federations of industry 工商联fetters of subjectivism and metaphysics 主观主义和形而上学的桎梏fight against "Taiwan Independence "反对“台独”good-neighborly relationship 睦邻友好government functions 政府职能government institutions 政府机构government intervention 政府干预government organs 政府机构(have) a good government and a united people 政通人和historic breakthrough 历史性突破hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping theory 高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜honesty 诚实守信honesty and high efficiency 廉洁高效Hong Kong And Macao special administrative regions 香港、澳门特别行政区ideological and moral education 思想道德建设intellectuals 知识分子intensify functions 强化功能international organizations 国际性组织international situation 国际形势iron out differences 化解歧见keep pace with the times 与时俱进kingpin 支撑long-term peace and order 长治久安long-term social stability and solidarity 长期社会安定团结Macao 澳门Mao Zedong thought 毛泽东思想Marxism Leninism 马克思列宁主义mass organizations 人民团体masters of the country 当家作主material and cultural needs of the people 人民的物质文化需要material and spiritual civilization 物质文明和精神文明media and publicity work 宣传舆论工作moral kingpin 精神支撑morality, intelligence, physique and art 德智体美national rejuvenation through science and education 科教兴国national reunification 祖国统一national spirit 民族精神negotiations on peaceful reunification 和平统一谈判neighborhood committee 居委会NPC member 人大代表our compatriots in Taiwan 台湾同胞our compatriots in the Hong Kong SAR 香港特别行政区同胞our compatriots in the Macao SAR 澳门特别行政区同胞patriots from all walks of life 各界爱国人士patriotic democratic personages 爱国民主人士patriotic united front 爱国统一战线peace and development 和平与发展peace, justice and progress 和平，正义，进步problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers 农业、农村和农民问题grain distribution system 粮食流通体制reduce agricultural tax rate 降低农业税税率reform of rural taxes and administrative charges 农村税费改革repeal taxes on special agricultural products 取消农业特产税rescind agricultural taxes in five years 五年内取消农业税to alleviate rural poverty through development 农村扶贫开发proceed from our national conditions 从我国国情出发promote all-round social progress 促进社会全面进步realm of ideology 意识形态领域reform and opening-up 改革开放reform, development and stability 改革发展稳定rule (run) the country by law 依法治国rule (run) the country by virtue 以德治国running the party, state and army 治党治国治军survival and development 生存和发展sustainable development 可持续发展system of regional ethnic autonomy 民族区域自治制度the Chinese people of all ethnic groups 全国各族人民the great cause of national reunification 祖国统一大业the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 中华民族的伟大复兴the people of all social strata 社会各阶层人们the provincial and municipal (prefectural) governments 省、市（地）两级地方政府the return of Hong Kong And Macao to the motherland 香港和澳门回归祖国the smooth transition of power 平稳过渡two conferences (NPC and CPPCC) 两会（人大，政协）unified, open, competitive and orderly 统一、开放、竞争、有序unprecedented difficulties and pressure 空前巨大的困难和压力vigilance against risks 抗风险能力vitality, creativity and cohesion of a nation 民族的生命力、创造力和凝聚力win -win co-operation 强强联手with a long history behind it 源远流长world outlook 世界观3. ) TOURISM景点 tourist spot; tourist attraction 山水风光 scenery with mountains and rivers; landscape 名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites 避暑胜地 summer resort度假胜地 holiday resort避暑山庄 mountain resort蜜月度假胜地 honeymoon resort国家公园 national park古建筑群 ancient architectural complex佛教胜地 Buddhist sacred land皇城 imperial city御花园 imperial garden甲骨文 inscription on bones and tortoiseshells古玩店 antique/curio shop手工艺品 artifact; handicrafts国画 traditional Chinese painting天坛 the Temple of Heaven紫禁城 Forbidden City故宫 the Imperial Palace敦煌莫高窟 Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang玉佛寺 the Jade Buddha Temple布达拉宫 Potala Palace洞穴/岩洞 cave; cavern温泉 hot spring陵墓 emperor’s mausoleum/tomb古墓 ancient tomb石窟 grotto祭坛 altar楼 tower; mansion台 terrace亭阁 pavilion桥 bridges溪 streams假山 rockeries塔 pagoda; tower廊 corridor石舫 stone boat湖心亭 mid-lake pavilion保存完好 well-preserved工艺精湛 exquisite workmanship景色如画 picturesque views诱人景色 inviting views文化遗产 cultural heritage/ legacy岩溶地形 karst topography上有天堂，下有苏杭 In heaven there is the paradise, and on earth there are Suzhou and Hangzhou. / As there is the paradise in heaven, so there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth.五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳 Trips to China’s five great mountains render trips to other mountains unnecessary, and a trip to Huangshan renders trips to the five great mountains unneeessary.桂林山水甲天下 The scenery of Guilin has been called the finest under heaven.五岳 five great mountains china’s five sacred/ divine mountains天下第一奇山 the most fantastic mountain under heaven黄山四绝 the four unique scenic features: picturesque rocks, legendary pines, the sea of clouds and hot springs4.) 社会 ( 现象/ 问题)Abortion 人工流产, 堕胎abuse of power 滥用职权altruism 利他主义, 利他an aging population 人口老龄化anti-porn drive / campaign 扫黄运动asylum . 庇护(一国政府对他国政治难民提供的保护和豁免) bigamy 重婚birth rate 人口出生率burglarproof door / antitheft door 防盗门chain effect; domino effect 连锁反应civic morality 社会公德civility and harmony 文明祥和community service 社区服务corruption 贪污court of ethics 道德法庭crime 犯罪arson 纵火, 纵火罪complaint center 投诉中心crimes committed by Mafia-like gangs 黑恶势力犯罪drug rehabilitation center 戒毒所drug trafficker 毒枭drug-related crimes 毒品犯罪embezzlement 盗用公款frequent property-related crimes 多发性侵财犯罪juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪narcotics squad 缉毒队organized crime 集团犯罪robbery 抢劫sexual harassment 性骚扰shoplifting 在商店偷窃商品smuggling 走私theft 偷窃行为violent crimes 严重暴力犯罪demography / larithmics 人口统计学DINK (Double Income No Kids) 丁克一族discrimination 歧视age discrimination 年龄歧视discrimination against women 歧视妇女Feminism 男女平等主义；女权运动Feminist movement 女权运动femininity . 妇女特质, 柔弱性, 温柔gender / sexual discrimination 性别歧视job discrimination 工作歧视male chauvinism 男权主义思想politically correct (PC) 政治性正确的Masculinity 男性, 阳刚之气sexism 男性至上主义, 蔑视女性sexual harassment 性骚扰drug abuse 吸毒egalitarian 主张人人平等的 n. 平等主义eliminate terrorism at root 消除恐怖主义的根源emotion quotient (EQ) 情商family planning 计划生育fine tradition 优秀传统gambling 赌博homosexual marriage 同性婚姻sexual orientation n. 性取向gray income 灰色收入hardened professional (criminal) 惯犯have an affair / an ultra-marriage affair 婚外恋home for the aged / seniors' home 敬老院Hope Project 希望工程household management service 家政服务illiteracy 文盲income disparity 收入分化；贫富分化infant mortality 婴儿死亡率infiltrative, subversive and splittist activities 渗透、颠覆和分裂活动IPR (intellectual property right) 知识产权piracy 非法翻印,盗版bootleg 盗版copyright law 版权法copyright licensing business 版权贸易copyright reserved; copyrighted 版权所有royalty 版税author's royalty 著者版税, 作者稿酬copyright royalty 版税, 版权费fight against illegal publications “打非”underground publications 地下出版物anti-fake label 防伪标志law of the jungle 弱肉强食法则lawsuit 诉讼[glossary] [扩展]attorney <美>律师prosecutor 公诉人defendant 被告plaintiff 起诉人, 原告jury 陪审团case of public prosecution 公诉案件notary / notarization 公证人/ 公证公证人是一种专家证人，具有国家公职人员和自由职业的双重属性。