南通市2018年初中毕业升学考试数学试卷注 意 事 项考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项:1.本试卷共6页,满分为150分,考试时间为120分钟.考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.2.答题前,请务必将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡上指定的位置.3.答案必须按要求填涂、书写在答题卡上,在试卷、草稿纸上答题一律无效.一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分.在每小题所给出的四个选项中,恰有一项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项的字母代号填涂在答题卡相应位......置.上) 1. 6的相反数是A .6-B .6C .16-D .162. 计算x 2·x 3结果是A .2x 5B .x 5C .x 6D .x 83. 若代数式1x -在实数范围内有意义,则x 的取值范围是A .x <1B .x ≤1C .x >1D .x ≥14. 2017年国内生产总值达到827 000亿元,稳居世界第二.将数827 000用科学记数法表示为A .82.7×104B .8.27×105C .0.827×106D .8.27×1065. 下列长度的三条线段能组成直角三角形的是A .3,4,5B .2,3,4C .4,6,7D .5,11,126. 如图,数轴上的点A ,B ,O ,C ,D 分别表示数-2,-1,0,1,2,则表示数25-的点P 应落在A .线段AB 上 B .线段BO 上C .线段OC 上D .线段CD 上7. 若一个凸多边形的内角和为720°,则这个多边形的边数为A .4B .5C .6D .78. 一个圆锥的主视图是边长为4 cm 的正三角形,则这个圆锥的侧面积等于A .16π cm 2B .12π cm 2C .8π cm 2D .4π cm 29. 如图,Rt △ABC 中,∠ACB =90°,CD 平分∠ACB 交AB 于点D ,按下列步骤作图:(第6题)312-1 0-2 O D BACA步骤1:分别以点C 和点D 为圆心,大于12CD 的长为半径作弧,两弧相交于M ,N 两点;步骤2:作直线MN ,分别交AC ,BC 于点E ,F ; 步骤3:连接DE ,DF .若AC =4,BC =2,则线段DE 的长为 A .53B .32C .2D .4310.如图,矩形ABCD 中,E 是AB 的中点,将△BCE 沿CE 翻折,点B 落在点F 处,tan ∠DCE =43.设AB =x ,△ABF 的面积为y ,则y 与x 的函数图象大致为二、填空题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分.不需写出解答过程,请把最终结果直接填写在答题卡相应位置.......上) 11.计算3a 2b -a 2b = ▲ .12.某校学生来自甲、乙、丙三个地区,其人数比为2∶7∶3,绘制成如图所示的扇形统计图,则甲地区所在扇形的圆心角度数为 ▲ 度.13.一个等腰三角形的两边长分别为4 cm 和9 cm ,则它的周长为 ▲ cm .14.如图,∠AOB =40°,OP 平分∠AOB ,点C 为射线OP 上一点,作CD ⊥OA 于点D ,在∠POB的内部作CE ∥OB ,则∠DCE = ▲ 度.15.古代名著《算学启蒙》中有一题:良马日行二百四十里,驽马日行一百五十里.驽马先行一十二日,问良马几何追及之.意思是:跑得快的马每天走240里,跑得慢的马每天走150里.慢马先走12天,快马几天可追上慢马?若设快马x 天可追上慢马,则由题意,可列方程为 ▲ . 16.如图,在△ABC 中,AD ,CD 分别平分∠BAC 和∠ACB ,AE ∥CD ,CE ∥AD .若从三个条件:(第12题)甲 乙丙 AOCP EB(第14题)D D .yx 5 6Ox B .y5 6 Oy x5 12OC .A .x 5 12Oy (第10题)CEDFBAA①AB =AC ;②AB =BC ;③AC =BC 中,选择一个作为已知条件, 则能使四边形ADCE 为菱形的是 ▲ (填序号). 17.若关于x 的一元二次方程12x 2-2mx -4m +1=0有两个相等的实数根,则(m -2)2-2m (m -1)的值为 ▲ .18.在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,已知A (2t ,0),B (0,-2t ),C (2t ,4t )三点,其中t >0,函数y =2t x的图象分别与线段BC ,AC 交于点P ,Q .若S △PAB -S △PQB =t ,则t 的值为 ▲ . 三、解答题(本大题共10小题,共96分.请在答题卡指定区域.......内作答,解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤) 19.(本小题满分10分)计算:(1)(-2)2-364+(-3)0-21()3-; (2)229369a a a a a --÷++.20.(本小题满分8分) 解方程 x x +1=2x3x +3+1.21.(本小题满分8分)一个不透明的口袋中有三个完全相同的小球,把他们分别标号为1,2,3.随机摸取一个小球然后放回,再随机摸出一个小球.用列表或画树状图的方法,求两次取出的小球标号相同的概率.22.(本小题满分8分)如图,沿AC 方向开山修路.为了加快施工进度,要在小山的另一边同时施工.从AC 上的一点B 取∠ABD =120°,BD =520 m ,∠D =30°.那么另一边开挖点E 离D 多远正好使A ,C ,E 三点在一直线上(3取1.732,结果取整数)?(第22题)AB C DE30° 120° 520 m某商场服装部为了调动营业员的积极性,决定实行目标管理,根据目标完成的情况对营业员进行适当的奖励.为了确定一个适当的月销售目标,商场服装部统计了每位营业员在某月的销售额(单位:万元),数据如下: 1718 16 13 24 15 28 26 18 19 22 17 16 19 32 30 16 14 15 26 15322317151528281619对这30个数据按组距3进行分组,并整理、描述和分析如下.组别 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 销售额 13≤x <16 16≤x <19 19≤x <22 22≤x <25 25≤x <28 28≤x <31 31≤x <34频数793a2b2请根据以上信息解答下列问题:(1)填空:a = ▲ ,b = ▲ ,c = ▲ ;(2)若将月销售额不低于25万元确定为销售目标,则有 ▲ 位营业员获得奖励;(3)若想让一半左右的营业员都能达到销售目标,你认为月销售额定为多少合适?说明理由.24.(本小题满分8分)如图,AB 为⊙O 的直径,C 为⊙O 上一点,AD 和过点C 的切线互相垂直,垂足为D ,且交⊙O 于点E .连接OC ,BE ,相交于点F . (1)求证:EF =BF ;(2)若DC =4,DE =2,求直径AB 的长.平均数众数中位数20.3c 18频数分布表数据分析表B D CAEO(第24题)F小明购买A ,B 两种商品,每次购买同一种商品的单价相同,具体信息如下表:根据以上信息解答下列问题: (1)求A ,B 两种商品的单价;(2)若第三次购买这两种商品共12件,且A 种商品的数量不少于B 种商品数量的2倍,请设计出最省钱的购买方案,并说明理由.26.(本小题满分10分)在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,已知抛物线y =x 2-2(k -1)x +k 2-52k (k 为常数).(1)若抛物线经过点(1,k 2),求k 的值;(2)若抛物线经过点(2k ,y 1)和点(2,y 2),且y 1>y 2,求k 的取值范围;(3)若将抛物线向右平移1个单位长度得到新抛物线,当1≤x ≤2时,新抛物线对应的函数有最小值32,求k 的值.27.(本小题满分13分)如图,正方形ABCD 中,AB =25,O 是BC 边的中点,点E 是正方形内一动点,OE =2,连接DE ,将线段DE 绕点D 逆时针旋转90°得DF ,连接AE ,CF . (1)求证:AE =CF ;(2)若A ,E ,O 三点共线,连接OF ,求线段OF 的长; (3)求线段OF 长的最小值.次数 购买数量(件) 购买总费用(元)A B 第一次 2 1 55 第二次1365(第27题)A BCOD EFA BCD(备用图)【定义】如图1,A ,B 为直线l 同侧的两点,过点A 作直线l 的对称点A ′,连接A ′B 交直线l 于点P ,连接AP ,则称点P 为点A ,B 关于直线l 的“等角点”.【运用】如图2,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,已知A (2,3),B (-2,-3)两点. (1)C (4,32),D (4,22),E (4,12)三点中,点 ▲ 是点A ,B 关于直线x =4的等角点;(2)若直线l 垂直于x 轴,点P (m ,n )是点A ,B 关于直线l 的等角点,其中m >2,∠APB =α,求证:tan α 2=n2;(3)若点P 是点A ,B 关于直线y =ax +b (a ≠0)的等角点,且点P 位于直线AB 的右下方,当∠APB =60°时,求b 的取值范围(直接写出结果).(第28题 图1)l A BA′PBxAO y(第28题 图2)BxAO y(备用图)南通市2018年初中毕业、升学考试数学试题参考答案与评分标准说明:本评分标准每题只给出了一种解法供参考,如果考生的解法与本解答不同,参照本评分标准给分. 一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分)题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 选项ABDBABCCDD二、填空题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分)11.2a 2b12.6013.2214.13015.240x =150(12+x )16.②17.7218.4三、解答题(本大题共10小题,共96分) 19.(本小题满分10分)(1)解:原式=4-4+1-9 ········································································ 4分=-8. ················································································ 5分 (2)解:原式=2(3)(3)3(3)a a a a a +--÷+ ·································································· 7分 =333a a a a -⋅+- ············································································· 9分=3a a +. ················································································· 10分 20.(本小题满分8分)解:方程两边乘3(x +1),得3x =2x +3(x +1). ······································································ 3分 解得 x =32-. ············································································· 6分检验:当x =32-时,3(x +1)≠0. ························································· 7分∴原分式方程的解为x =32-. ······························································· 8分21.(本小题满分8分)解:画树状图如下:··············································· 4分 由图可以看出,可能出现的结果共有9种,并且它们出现的可能性相等.其中两次取出的小球标号相同的结果共有3种. ······································ 6分∴P (两次取出的小球标号相同)=39=13. ·············································· 8分22.(本小题满分8分) 解:∵∠ABD =120°,∠D =30°,∴∠E =90°. ························· 2分12 3 1 22 3 1 32 31 第1次第2次 AB CE120°在Rt △BED 中,∵cos D =ED BD ,∴32=520ED . ········· 4分∴ED =2603≈260×1.732=450.32 ·························· 6分≈450(m ). ······················· 7分答:ED 长约为450 m 时,正好使A ,C ,E 三点在一直线上. ············ 8分23.(本小题满分9分)解:(1)3,4,15; ················································································· 3分(2)8; ··························································································· 5分(3)月销售额定为18(或19)万元较为合适. ·············································· 7分理由:从每位营业员的月销售额来看,月销售额不低于18万元有16人,(或不低于19万元有14人)占总人数的一半左右.可以估计,如果月销售额定为18(或19)万元,将有一半左右的营业员都能达到销售目标. ··············································· 9分 24(本小题满分8分)(1) 证明:∵AB 为⊙O 的直径,∴∠AEB =90°,∴∠DEF =90°. ······················································ 1分∵DC 与⊙O 相切于点C ,∴∠DCO =90°. ··························· 2分∵AD ⊥CD ,∴∠EDC =90°.∴四边形CDEF 为矩形. ········································· 3分∴∠EFC =90°,即OC ⊥BE .∴EF =BF . ·························································· 4分(2)解: ∵四边形CDEF 为矩形, ∴CD =EF =4,DE =CF =2.∵EF =BF ,∴BF =4. ············································ 5分 设⊙O 的半径为r ,则OB =r ,OF =r -2. 在Rt △OFB 中,∵OF 2+BF 2=OB 2, ∴(r -2)2+42=r 2, ················································ 7分 解得 r =5. ∴AB =10. ··························································· 8分25.(本小题满分9分)解:(1)设A 种商品每件x 元,B 种商品每件y 元.根据题意列方程组,得 255365x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩,. ·················································· 2分解得 2015x y =⎧⎨=⎩,. ················································································ 3分答:A 种商品每件20元,B 种商品每件15元. ······································ 4分 (2)设第三次购买A 种商品m 件,则购买B 种商品(12-m )件. 根据题意列不等式,得 m ≥2(12-m ). ·············································· 5分解得 m ≥8. ······················································································· 6分 设第三次购买总费用为w 元,则w =20m +15(12-m )=5m +180. ∵w 随m 的增大而增大,∴当m =8时,w 有最小值,此时12-m =4. ············································ 8分BDCA E O (第24题)F答:最省钱的购买方案为:购买8件A 种商品,4件B 种商品. ····················· 9分26.(本小题满分10分)解:(1)∵抛物线经过点(1,k 2),∴1-2(k -1)+k 2-52k =k 2. ······························· 1分解得k =23. ······················································································· 3分(2) 当x =2k 时,y 1=4k 2-4k (k -1) +k 2-52k =k 2+32k . ································ 4分当x =2时,y 2=4-4 (k -1) +k 2-52k =k 2-132k +8. ······························· 5分∴y 1-y 2=(k 2+32k )-(k 2-132k +8)=8k -8.∵y 1>y 2,∴y 1-y 2>0,即8k -8>0.∴k >1. ··························································································· 6分 (3)新抛物线的解析式为:y =(x -k ) 2-12k -1. ······························································ 7分①当k <1时,x =1,y 有最小值32-,∴ (1-k ) 2-12k -1=32-.∴ k 1=1,k 2=32.∵k <1,∴k 1=1,k 2=32均舍去. ························································· 8分②当1≤k ≤2时,x =k ,y 有最小值32-,∴-12k -1=32-,∴k =1. ····· 9分③当k >2时,x =2,y 有最小值32-,∴(2-k ) 2-12k -1=32-.∴ k 1=3,k 2=32.∵k >2,∴k =3综上所述,k 的值为1或3. ···························································· 10分27.(本小题满分13分) (1)证明:在正方形ABCD 中,DA =DC ,∠ADC =90°. ···················· 1分∵DF 是由DE 旋转90°得到,∴DF =DE ,∠EDF =90°. ················································· 2分 ∴∠ADE =∠CDF ,∴△ADE ≌△CDF . ······························· 3分 ∴AE =CF . ···································································· 4分(2)解:如图1,过点F 作FG ⊥BC ,交BC 的延长线于点G .在正方形ABCD 中,∠B =90°,BC =AB =25. ∵O 是BC 边的中点,∴OC =OB =12BC =5.在Rt △ABO 中,OA =22AB OB +=5.∵A ,E ,O 三点共线,OE =2,∴CF =AE =3. ················ 5分(第27题)ABCODE FADE F∵△ADE ≌△CDF ,∴∠DAE =∠DCF . ∵∠BAD =∠DCG =90°,∴∠BAO =∠FCG . 又∵∠B =∠G =90°,∴△ABO ∽△CGF .∴AB BO AO CG FG CF ==,即25553CG FG ==. ∴ FG =355,CG =655. ·········································· 7分∴OG =1155.∴OF =22OG FG +=26. ········································ 9分(3)解:如图2,连接OD ,将DO 绕点D 逆时针旋转90°得到DQ ,连接QF ,则QF =OE =2,连接OF ,OQ .在Rt △OCD 中,OD =22OC CD +=5.在Rt △ODQ 中,OQ =2252OD DQ +=. ························ 11分 ∵OF ≥OQ -QF ,∴OF ≥522-.∴OF 长的最小值为522-. ·············································· 13分28.(本小题满分13分)(1)C ············································································································ 3分(2)解:过点A 作直线l 的对称点A ′,连接A ′B 交直线l 于点P ,过点B 作BH ⊥l 于点H .∵点A 和点A ′关于直线l 对称,∴∠APG =∠A ′PG .∵∠BPH =∠A ′PG ,∴∠APG =∠BPH .∵∠AGP =∠BHP =90°,∴△AGP ∽△BHP . ························· 4分∴AG GP BH HP =,即3223n m m n --=++.∴23mn =,即23m n=. ··············································· 6分∵∠APB =α,AP =A ′P ,∴∠A =∠A ′=2α.在Rt △AGP 中,tan 2α=PG AG =32n m -- ································· 8分=3232n n--=2n . ······························· 9分 (3) 73b >或735b <-且23b ≠-. ···························································· 13分(第28题)lx A BPO yG H A ′(图2)ABCODE FQ。