定语从句精讲精练基础知识1. 定义：在句子中充当定语成分的句子。
2. 结构：先行词+关系词+从句剩余部分A doctor is a person who cures patients.3. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词,位于定语从句之前。
4. 关系词：又称关联词,用于①引导定语从句,②在定语从句中代替先行词,充当句中成分。
关系词分类：分为关系代词和关系副词。
5. 从句分类：限制性定语从句,非限制性性定语从句。
限制性定语从句：对被修饰的先行词有限定制约的作用,是句子的必要成分,不可省略。
The person (who/ whom) you were looking for is downstairs.非限制性定语从句：对被修饰的先行词起补充说明的作用,不是句子的必要成分,省去不会影响句意。
This mobile phone was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.关系代词1. 作用：在从句中可充当主语、宾语和定语。
关系代词有：that, who, whom, which, whose, as2. 关系代词thatThat只用于__________性定语从句,可以指代人,也可以指代物,在从句中作__________语、__________语或__________语,作宾语或表语时可以省略。
Jerry is no longer the person (that/ who/ whom) I met five years ago.After this he is not the man that he used to be.Views that/ which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept.The company that I opened lies in the center of the city.注意：1. that不用在介词之后The pen with __________ you are writing is Jerry’s.A zoo is a park in __________ you can see many kinds of animals.2. that不用在非限制性定语从句中Their house was washed away by the flood, which made them sad.Have you ever read the book, which was written by Austin?3. 必须用that的几种情况①当先行词是不定代词anything/ everything/ nothing等或是every/ any/ all/ little/ few/ much/ each等词或由他们修饰时All that can be done has been done.There is nothing that I can do for you.②当先行词被序数词、最高级、the very/ the only/ the same/ the last等修饰的时候The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.This is the best film that I have seen.He is the only child that his parents have.③当先行词既有物又有人时Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?④主句是以who或which开头的疑问句Who is the person that is standing at the gate?Which of us that knows something about physics cannot join electric wires?3. 关系代词whowho指人,通常在从句中作主语,也可作宾语,在限制性定语从句中作宾语可省略。
Generally speaking, people who have the highest EQ are the most successful.Those are the workers who he employs.The boy who was in the office yesterday is my friend.注意：1. 只能用who的几种情况①先行词是指人的代词one/ ones/ anyone/ thoseThe ones who flatter me can’t please me.One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.We don’t want anyone who can’t afford the tuition fee to drop out of school.Those who are unfit for their work should leave office at once.②There be结构中,主语是指人的名词There’s a gentleman who wants to see you.③两个定语从句中一个用了that引导,另一个指人的关系代词用whoThe student that was praised at class meeting is the monitor who is very modest and study hard.2. 先行词为“the way”，表示“方式、方法”时的用法：I don’t like the way that he speaks to you.We like the way in which you organized the activity.You should change the way you arrange things.4. 关系代词whomwhom指人,在从句中只能作宾语。
The professor about whom you talked just now has come.The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.练习一1. The Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded annually to an author from any country __________ has produced “in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction.”2. Was it the boy’s passion for playing the piano in his childhood __________ led him to be a music college student?3. The country is now the world’s largest exporter of goods and the second largest importer, __________ has created millions of job opportunities in export industries and related areas.4. Of the slogans of the “Occupy Wall Street” movement, one __________ is frequently mentioned is: the 99 percent oppose the 1 percent.5. E-mail is a convenient, highly democratic informal medium for conveying message among people __________ well satisfies human needs.6. Is this the reason __________ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work.5. 关系代词whichwhich指物,可在从句中作主语。
China is a country which has a long history.The bee is a kind of flying insect which makes honey.The key which you are looking for is in the drawer.6. 关系代词whosewhose在定语从句中作定语,可指人,也可指物He is the man whose car was stolen last night.Please pass me the notebook whose cover is blue.(=Please pass me the notebook the cover of which is blue.)We had a meeting whose purpose was completely unclear.(=We had a meeting the purpose of which was completely unclear.)7. 关系代词as①as引导限制性定语从句通常构成such...as或the same...as固定搭配,as在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语。
I should like to use the same tool __________you used yesterday.Many of the sports were the same __________they are now.Don’t read such books as are not worth reading. Read such books as you can understand.②as引导非限制性定语从句as作关系代词,可以用来代替一个句子或单词,as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。
__________is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.The moon travels round the earth once every month, as is known to everybody.The moon, as is known to everybody, travels round the earth once every month.③as 和which 的区别1. as含有正如、按照、正像之意,as一般用在肯定句中,而which则可以用于含否定意义的句子中,如：1) He failed in the exam again, as was expected2) He failed in the exam again, which was unexpected．2. 当说明主句的事件引起的结果时用which,如：1) He saw the girl, which delighted him．2) He didn’t pass the exam, which made his mother angry．3. 下列固定结构,一般不能用which,如：as has been said before ____________________ as often happens ____________________ as is well known ____________________ as will be shown ____________________as may be imagined ____________________ as we know ____________________as follows ____________________ as we expected ____________________as he pointed out ____________________ as we all can see ____________________ as we have seen ____________________ as is said about ____________________多数已成固定结构4. as常用于the same...as, such... as , as... as和so...as 结构中。