高考(高中)英语备考语法点复习要点点拨与梳理--三大从句篇
一、定语从句:
总体介绍:定语从句确实是所有复合句最难的,也是高中英语最标志性的语法点,无论何时都要高度重视,搞通搞透多练。
定语从句学习的基本提醒:
1)先行词+关系词,这是定语从句语法最关键的核心如果没有先行词的存在,这道题目不可能是定语从句的题目。
2)先行词=关系词,关系词是代替先行词在后面从句中做成分,例子:the book that I like,that就是代替book做like的宾语。
3)先行词和关系词紧挨在一起,但是也常隔断。
例子:I met some foreigners in the street who came from Australia.
具体细节点拨:
1 牢记在心各种关系词的使用方法!比如关系代词是最基本的:
that 人/物主宾都可以做宾语可省
which 物主宾都可以做宾语可省
who 人主宾都可以做宾语可省
whom 人宾语可省
whose 人/物定语(谁谁的)不省
再比如,关系副词:
where 先行词是地点并且从句也缺地点(状语)时(两个条件同时满足)
when 先行词是时间并且从句也缺时间(状语)时(同上)
why 先行词是reason并且从句也缺原因(状语)时(同上)
2 七个一般原则!请牢记!
无what,无how,无介词+that,无介词+who,无介词+关系副词,有逗号时无that,
介词提前时无省略。
(需要特别说明,极个别时候,介词加where或when的定语从句确实存在,但不是主流)
3 要注意that的特殊性,作为高中生,尤其是在应试的背景下要记住重要的多用that不用其他的若干情况。
在这里不逐条列出,只作提醒。
比如:
This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.(最高级)
The only thing that she could do was to wait patiently.(the only)The first thing that we do in the morning is to clean the classroom.(序数词)
4 要注意way(表示做事的方式)的定语从句,有三种,比如:
the way in which I did it.the way that I did it.the way I did it.
5,要特别注意as的定语从句
1)限定性:先行词有such(so), the same,as时
This is the same book as I lost last week.
2)非限定性:先行词是整个一句话时,用as或者which,但是which不放句首。
6,建议背诵as的一些非限定性定语从句,对提高翻译和写作水平有好处:
As is known to all,As has been said before,As may be imagined, 等二、状语从句:
总体介绍:
1,状语从句是所有复合句种类数量最庞大的。
2,状语从句无论在生活中还是学习中实用性很强要多学多用,八大状从一个不能少:时间,条件,原因,方式,让步,结果,目的,地点。
3,状语从句学习的提醒:1)状语从句往往是完整的(和其他很多复合句重要的区别之一)2)由于种类太多,所以请先分类的形式把基本的连接方式搞懂
3)不要机械的记连词的某一个简单意思,要注意很多特殊用法,特殊的地方。
例子:I was walking along the river when it began to rain. (when: 突然就在那时)
具体细节点拨:
1 要特别注意各个连接方式的特殊用法语法
如:when (突然就在那时)
be doing...when、be about to do...when、be going to do...when
如:while
1) While I admit there are difficult problems, I don't think they cannot be solved. (虽然)
2)I like play basketball while my parents prefer to stay home all day.(然而)
如:where:特殊句型:where there..., there... 哪里有什么,哪里就有什么。
例子:where there is water, there is life.
如:as:虽然(必须倒装)
Much as I admire his c ourage, I don’t think he acted wisely.
我虽然佩服他的勇气,但我认为他这样做是不明智的。
Boy as he was, he was chosen king.
尽管他还是个孩子,但却被立为国王。
2 要归纳辨析相似相近的连接结构
1)同样是where引导表示地点的从句
I put the book where it was.地点状语从句
I put the book in the pl a ce where it was.表示地点的定从
2) 同样是 so that引导从句
we worked hard so that we could finish the task in advance.目的状语从句
we worked hard, so that we finished the task in advance.结果状语从句
3)同样是so后面的从句
It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.定从
It is so easy a book that every schoolboy can read it.结果状语从句
3 要注意不同字数的连接词因为现在的填空考试:一个空只能写一个字
举例:如果表示让步
一个空:although though while
两个空:even though even if
三个字:for all that
更多字:despite of the fact that、in spite of the fact that
举例: 如果表示因果
一个空:because since as
两个空:now that in that
三个空:by reason that 等
三、名词性从句:
总体介绍:1,名词性从句是总体称呼:包括主从,宾从,表从和特殊的同位语从句2,复习时,同位语从句单独撇开,前三个从句可以一起学,因为前三个的衔接方式基本一致。
名词性从句学习的主要提醒:1)名词性从句是句子的主干成分,没有的话整个句子是不完整的。
2)名词性从句的连接词基本一致通用,比较局限,放在一起学习效率高一些。
从句完整:that (只有宾从才能省略)
缺成分:缺啥补啥首先判断所缺之物
缺人:who whom(宾)缺物:what 缺哪一个:which缺地点:where 缺时间: when 缺原因 :why缺方式:how 是非判断:whether、if
具体细节提醒:
1 要注意宾语从句有一种特殊形式就是介词的宾语从句
I am interested in what you have just said.
This depends on whether you have enough money.
2 要注意是非判断时,if不能用只能用whether
例:表语从句不能用if, 介词的宾语从句不能用, 主语从句不能用, 同位语从句不能用, 加不定式不能用, 紧跟or not不能用
I want to know if he will come or not.正确
I want to know if or not he will come.错误
3. 一定要认真学好形式主语IT,特别是形式主语加真实主语从句这一句型!
It is +adj +从句
It is +n+从句
It is +过去分词+从句
It + vi+从句例:It matters that...It turns out that...
4 同位语从句:
1)对名词进行具体内容解释多用that
I heard the news that our team had won.
我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
2)doubt同位语从句要小心
肯定的doubt + whether / 否定的doubt + that
3)idea同位语从句要小心
idea+ that / no idea + 根据所需用
I have no idea what size shoes she wears.
I have no idea who will take his place。
4) 定语从句也是对名词的解释也跟that 那么区分?
1)前面的词(同位语从句必须是抽象名词,定语从句可以是任何名词)
2)前面的词性(同位语从句必须是名词,定语从句可以是名词和代词)
those who like playing football
3)同位语从句的that是装饰品,无意义
定语从句一定缺成分,that一定做成分。