2013哈尔滨工业大学大二英语拓展补充教材（讲义）大学英语阅读进阶（第四版）PartⅠ Ten Steps To Improving College Reading Skills1 Vocabulary in ContextI prefer the occasional disturbance of ear-splitting thunder 震耳欲聋的to the incessant dripping of our kitchen sink.P20 Line 10: Working vocabulary:working /ˈwɜː.kɪŋ/ /ˈwɝː-/ adjective [ before noun ] USEFULdescribes a plan, idea or knowledge that is not complete but is good enough to be useful 基本够用的；尚可应付工作的We have a working theory/hypothesis about what caused the crash, which we shall test.She's fluent in French and English and has a working knowledge of Spanish.Line 12: shade /ʃeɪd/ noun细微的差别P21 （The numbers indicate the number of the sentences of the exercises）1. nocturnal nɒkˈtɜː.nəl/ /nɑːkˈtɝː-/ adjective FORMAL 夜间活动的happening in or active during the night, or relating to the nightnocturnal wanderings/nocturnal light/Most bats are nocturnal2. feathery /ˈfeð. ə r.i/ /-ɚ.i/ adjective 轻而软的；长有语羽毛的soft or delicate, or made of many very small and delicate piecesfeathery clouds/foliage/leaves2. adverse:/ˈæd.vɜːs/ , /-ˈ-/ /ædˈvɝːs/ adjective [ before noun ]having a negative or harmful effect on somethingThe match has been cancelled due to adverse weather conditions .3.nausea: /ˈnɔː.zi.ə/ , /-ʒə/ /ˈnɑː-/ noun [ U ] 恶心；作呕when you feel as if you are going to vomitSigns of the illness include fever, nausea and vomiting.4.euphemism: juː.fə.mɪ.z ə m/ noun [ C or U ] 委婉语a word or phrase used to avoid saying an unpleasant or offensive word'Senior citizen' is a euphemism for 'old person'.offensive /əˈfen t .sɪv/ adjective UPSETTING1. causing offence 冒犯的；使人恼怒的；得罪人的This programme contains language that some viewers might find offensive.Opposite inoffensive2. unpleasant 使人反感的offensive smells5. intoxicated:/ɪnˈtɒk.sɪ.keɪ.tɪd/ /-ˈtɑːk.sɪ.keɪ.t ̬ɪd/ adjective1. FORMAL drunkShe was charged with driving while intoxicated.2. excited, happy and slightly out of control because of an experience such as love, success,etc 陶醉的；极度兴奋的；忘乎所以的1.mundane: /mʌnˈdeɪn/ adjectivevery ordinary and therefore not interesting 单调的；平凡的Mundane matters such as paying bills and shopping for food do not interest her.2. turmoil:/ˈtɜː.mɔɪl/ /ˈtɝː-/ noun骚动；混乱a state of confusion, uncertainty or disorderThe whole region is in turmoil.3. longevity:/lɒnˈdʒev.ə.ti/ /lɑːnˈdʒev.ə.t ̬i/ noun [ U ] FORMAL[ U ] FORMAL living for a long time 长寿；长命To what do you attribute your longevity?4.diversion/d a ɪˈvɜː.ʃə n/ /dɪˈvɝː-/ noun（1）[ C ] something that takes your attention away from something else 转向；转移Shoplifters often work in pairs, with one creating a diversion to distract the shopassistants while the other steals the goods.（2）（FORMAL）an activity that is done for pleasure, especially because it takes your attention form sth else 消遣；娱乐Reading is a pleasant diversion.5. avocation兴趣；爱好；副业；职业6. adapt /əˈdæpt/ verb[ I ] to become familiar with a new situationThe good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments.It took me a while to adapt to the new job.[ T ] to change something to suit different conditions or uses[ + to infinitive ] We had to adapt our plans to fit Jack's timetable.The play had been adapted for (= changed to make it suitable for) children.7. distraught: dɪˈstrɔːt/ /-ˈstrɑːt/ adjectiveextremely worried, nervous or upset 心烦意乱的；忧心如焚的The missing child's distraught parents made an emotional appeal for information on TV.mugging /ˈmʌg.ɪŋ/ noun [ C or U ] 行凶抢劫an act of attacking someone and stealing their moneyPolice are concerned that mugging is on the increase.8.cognitive/ˈkɒg.nɪ.tɪv/ /ˈkɑːg.nɪ.t ̬ɪv/ adjective [ before noun ] SPECIALIZEDconnected with thinking or conscious mental processes 认知的Some of her cognitive functions have been impaired.受损的cognitive behaviour/developmentarre /bɪˈzɑː r / /-ˈzɑːr/ adjectivevery strange and unusuala bizarre situation /bizarre behaviour10. white-collar: relating to people who work in offices, doing work that needs mental ratherthan physical effortːn t s/ /-ˈhæn t s/ verb [ T ]to improve the quality, amount or strength of something 增强；美化；使…更好These scandals will not enhance the organization's reputation.garlic /ˈgɑː.lɪk/ /ˈgɑːr-/ noun [ U ] 蒜a plant of the onion family that has a strong taste and smell and is used in cooking toadd flavourspaghetti /spəˈget.i/ /-ˈge-/ noun [ U ] 意大利面条pasta made in the form of long, thin threads2. flippant:/ˈflɪp. ə nt/ adjective ( UK INFORMAL flip )not serious about a serious subject, in an attempt to be funny or to appear clever 轻率的；轻浮的a flippant remark/attitudeI think she just thought I was being flippant.3.assuage: /əˈsweɪdʒ/ verb [ T ] FORMAL 缓和；减轻to make unpleasant feelings less strongThe government has tried to assuage the public's fears.soothe /suːð/ verb [ T ] ANGER1. to make someone feel calm or less worriedənˈsɜːt/ /-ˈsɝːt/ verb[ I or T ] to make someone feel suddenly uncertain and worried n使不安、困惑、尴尬The whole experience had disconcerted him.2.scrutinize:/ˈskruː.tɪ.naɪz/ /-t ̬ə n.aɪz/ verb [ T ] 彻底仔细检查to examine something very carefully in order to discover informationHe scrutinized the men's faces carefully/closely, trying to work out who was lying.lease /liːs/ noun [ C ] 租约；租契a legal agreement in which you pay money in order to use a building, piece of land, vehicle,etc. for a periodHe has the flat on a long lease.fine print:inconspicuous details or conditions printed in an agreement or contract, esp. ones that may prove unfavorable:read the fine print of whatever loan document is shoved under your nose.极小的字体;(契约中)难懂的条文3. pragmatic:/prægˈmæt.ɪk/ /-ˈmæt ̬-/ adjective MAINLY APPROVING 务实的;实事求是的;注重实效的solving problems in a realistic way which suits the present conditions rather than obeying fixed theories, ideas or rulesIn business, the pragmatic approach to problems is often more successful than an idealistic one.4.obscure:/əbˈskjʊə r / /-ˈskjʊr/ adjective NOT KNOWN表述不清楚，晦涩难懂的；费解的1. not known to many peoplean obscure island in the Pacific /an obscure 12th-century mystic2. not clear and difficult to understand or seeOfficial policy has changed, for reasons that remain obscure.His answers were obscure and confusing.5.condone: /kənˈdəʊn/ /-ˈdoʊn/ verb [ T ]to accept or allow behaviour that is wrong 纵容；宽恕；原谅If the government is seen to condone violence , the bloodshed will never stop.6. indispensable: /ˌɪn.dɪˈspen t .sə.bl ̬/ adjectiveSomething or someone that is indispensable is so good or important that you could not manage without themThis book is an indispensable resource for researchers.His long experience at the United Nations makes him indispensable to the talks.7.adversary: /ˈæd.və.s ə r.i/ /ˈæd.vɚ.ser-/ noun [ C ] FORMAL 对手；敌手a person that sb is opposed and competing with in an augument or a battleHe saw her as his main adversary within the company.8.advent:/ˈæd.vent/ , /-vənt/ noun [ S ]重要人物、事物、事件的）出现，到来the arrival of an important event, invention or personLife in Britain was transformed by the advent of the steam engine.9.benvolent: /bɪˈnev. ə l. ə nt/ adjective 行善的；慈善的；与人为善的；助人为乐的(especially of a person in authority )kind and helpfulHe was a benevolent old man, he wouldn't hurt a fly.Doing good rather than making profit; charitablepublicity /pʌbˈlɪs.ɪ.ti/ /-ə.t ̬i/ noun [ U ] （媒体的）关注；宣传；报道the activity of making certain that someone or something attracts a lot of interest or attention from many people, or the attention received as a result of this activityHe attracted a lot of adverse/bad publicity with his speech about unmarried mothers.10. prevalent: /ˈprev. ə l.ənt/ adjectiveexisting very commonly or happening often at a particular time or in a particular place 普遍存在的；盛行的；流行的These diseases are more prevalent among young children.Trees are dying in areas where acid rain is most prevalent.patriarchy /ˈpeɪ.tri.ɑː.ki/ /-ɑːr-/ noun [ C or U ] 父权制（的社会或国家）a society in which the oldest male is the leader of the family, or a society controlled bymen in which they use their power to their own advantagePatriarchy has not disappeared - it has merely changed form.She rails against patriarchy and hierarchy.matriarchy /ˈmeɪ.tri.ɑː.ki/ /-ɑːr-/ noun [ C or U ] 母权制（的社会或国家）a type of society in which women have most of the authority and power, or a society in whichP24jʊ.tri/ /-ter.i/ adjective FORMAL 有益的causing improvement of behaviour or charactera salutary experience /a salutary reminder of the dangers of mountain climbing2.impede: /ɪmˈpiːd/ verb [ T ] FORMAL 阻碍；妨碍；阻止to slow down or cause problems for the achievement or finishing of somethingAlthough he's shy, it certainly hasn't impeded his career in any way.3. simulate: /ˈsɪm.jʊ.leɪt/ verb [ T ] 模拟的；假的to do or make something which looks real but is not realIn cheap furniture, plastic is often used to simulate wood.Some driving teachers use computers to simulate (= represent) different road conditions forAPPROVING 简明的；简洁的；简要的said in a clear and short way; expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words Keep your letter succinct and to the point.2. lucrative:/ˈluː.krə.tɪv/ /-t ̬ɪv/ adjective 赚钱的；可获利的(especially of a business, job or activity) producing a lot of moneyThe merger合并 proved to be very lucrative for both companies.3.surreptious: /ˌsʌr.əpˈtɪʃ.əs/ /ˌsɝː-/ adjective 偷偷的；暗中进行的done secretly, without anyone seeing or knowingShe seemed to be listening to what I was saying, but I couldn't help noticing her surreptitious glances at the clock.4.flamboyant: /flæmˈbɔɪ.ənt/ adjectiveBrightly coloured or decorated 艳丽的；装饰华丽的His clothes were rather flamboyant for such a serious occasion.very confident in behaviour, or intended to be noticed, especially by being brightly coloured 炫耀的；卖弄的a flamboyant gesture / The writer's flamboyant lifestyle was well known.flashy /ˈflæʃ.i/ adjective DISAPPROVING 华丽而俗气的；炫耀的looking too bright, big and expensive in a way that is intended to get attention and admirationflashy clothes /a flashy carPlainly: 1. clearly or obviouslyThis is plainly wrong. /Every footstep could be plainly heard.2. simply and without a lot of decoration 朴素地，简朴地a plainly furnished room5.stagnant: /ˈstæg.nənt/ adjective NOT FLOWING1. (of water or air) not flowing or moving, and smelling unpleasant 不流动而污浊的a stagnant pond2. not growing or developing 不变化的a stagnant economy6. ambiguous:/æmˈbɪg.ju.əs/ adjectivehaving or expressing more than one possible meaning, sometimes intentionallyHis reply to my question was somewhat ambiguous.The wording of the agreement is ambiguous.The government has been ambiguous on this issue.7.detriment /ˈdet.rɪ.mənt/ noun [ U ] FORMAL 伤害；损害harm or damageAre you sure that I can follow this diet without detriment to my health?She was very involved with sports at college, to the detriment of (= harming) her studies.8.depreciate/dɪˈpriː.ʃi.eɪt/ verb [ I or T ]to (cause something to) lose value, especially over time 贬值、跌价Our car depreciated (by) £1500 in the first year we owned it.Since they set up a builder's yard next door, our house has depreciated in value .appreciate /əˈpriː.ʃi.eɪt/ verb INCREASE增值；升值to increase in valueThe value of our house has appreciated by 50% in the last two years.Our house has appreciated (in value) by 50% in the last two years.9.meticulous /məˈtɪk.jʊ.ləs/ adjective APPROVING 十分注意细节的；一丝不苟的very careful and with great attention to every detailMany hours of meticulous preparation have gone into writing the book.10stringent /ˈstrɪn.dʒənt/ adjective SEVERE1. having a very severe effect, or being extremely limiting 严格的；严厉的The most stringent laws in the world are useless unless there is the will to enforce them.We need to introduce more stringent security measures such as identity cards.Stringent safety regulations were introduced after the accident.2. SPECIALIZED involving not enough money being available for borrowing as a result of firmcontrols on the amount of money in an economy 紧缩的；紧缺的；银根紧的very angry /We have received some irate phone calls from customers.wreck /rek/ verb [ T ]1. to destroy or badly damage somethingThe explosion shattered nearby windows and wrecked two cars.Our greenhouse was wrecked in last night's storm.2. INFORMAL to spoil something completelyHe has been warned that his behaviour might wreck his chances of promotion.2. proximity /prɒkˈsɪm.ɪ.ti/ /prɑːkˈsɪm.ə.t ̬i/ noun [ U ] FORMAL 接近,附近the state of being near in space or timeThe best thing about the location of the house is its proximity to the town centre.3. fiasco fiˈæs.kəʊ/ /-koʊ/ noun [ C ] plural fiascos or MAINLY US fiascoessomething planned that goes wrong and is a complete failure, usually in an embarrassing way彻底的失败；惨败；大出丑The show was a fiasco - the lights wouldn't work, one actor forgot his lines and anotherhaving little energy; feeling unwilling and unable to do anythingI was feeling tired and lethargic.lethargyˈleθ.ə.dʒi/ /-ɚ-/ noun [ U ]the state of not having any energy or enthusiasm for doing things2.the gist /ðəˈdʒɪst/ noun [ S ]the most important pieces of information about something, or general information without detailsThat was the gist of what he said.I think I got (= understood) the gist of what she was saying.3. fabrication /ˌfæb.rɪˈkeɪ.ʃə n/ noun [ C or U ] 编造、虚构、伪造The evidence he gave in court was a complete fabrication.fabricate /ˈfæb.rɪ.keɪt/ verb [ T ]to invent or produce something false in order to deceiveHe was late, so he fabricated an excuse to avoid trouble.He claims that the police fabricated evidence againstbe at faultto have done something wrongHer doctor was at fault for/in not sending her straight to a specialist.confession /kənˈfeʃ. ə n/ noun [ C or U ]1. when you admit that you have done something wrong or illegal 供认；承认I've got a bit of a confession to make - I've lost that book you lent me.I can't ask for help. It feels like a confession of failure.2. when a Christian tells God or, especially in the Roman Catholic Church, tells a priestformally and privately, what they have done wrong so that they can be forgiven 向神父忏悔Have you been to confession recently?4.covert /ˈkoʊ.vɝːt/ , /-ˈ-/ adjectivehidden or secret/ covert actions 隐蔽的；秘密的；不公开的The government was accused of covert military operations against the regime.overt /əʊ ˈvɜːt/ ,/oʊˈvɝːt/ adjective 公开的；不隐秘的done or shown publicly or in an obvious way; not secretovert criticism /overt racismHe shows no overt signs of his unhappiness.5.enigma /ɪˈnɪg.mə/ noun [ C ] 难以理解的问题、人、物、情况等something that is mysterious and seems impossible to understand completelyShe is a bit of an enigma.The newspapers were full of stories about the enigma of Lord Lucan's disappearancealien1. LEGAL a foreigner, usually someone who lives in a country of which they are not a legalcitizen 外国人、外侨、When war broke out the government rounded up thousands of aliens and put them in temporary camps.2. a creature from a different planet 从另一世界来的生物6. fluctuate /ˈflʌk.tju.eɪt/ verb [ I ] fluctuation /ˌflʌk.tjuˈeɪ.ʃə n/ noun [ C or U ] 波动to change, especially continuously and between one level or thing and anotherVegetable prices fluctuate according to the season.Her weight fluctuates wildly /fluctuating prices7.resilient /rɪˈzɪl.i.ənt/ adjective resilience /rɪˈzɪl.i.ən t s/ noun [ U ] ( FORMAL resiliency )有弹性的；可迅速回复的；有适应力的able to quickly return to a previous good conditionThis rubber ball is very resilient and immediately springs back into shape.She's a resilient girl - she won't be unhappy for long.8. dispel /dɪˈspel/ verb [ T ] -ll- 驱散；消除to remove fears, doubts and false ideas, usually by proving them wrong or unnecessary I'd like to start the speech by dispelling a few rumours that have been spreading recently.9. culminate /ˈkʌl.mɪ.neɪt/ verbculminate in/with sth （以某种结果）告终，（在某一点）结束If an event or series of events culminates in something, it ends with it, having developed until it reaches this pointMy arguments with the boss got worse and worse, and it all culminated in my deciding to change jobs.Months of hard work culminated in success. 几个月的艰辛工作终于取得了成功mantis /ˈmæn.tɪs/ /-t ̬ɪs/ noun [ C ] ( ALSO praying mantis ) 螳螂a large green insect that holds its front legs in a way that makes it look as if it is prayingwhen it is waiting to catch another insect10 unabated /ˌʌn.əˈbeɪ.tɪd/ /-t ̬ɪd/ adjective [ usually after verb ] FORMAL不减的；仍然强烈、猛烈、严重等without becoming weaker in strength or forcecontinued unabated throughout the night./ˌpriːˈrek.wɪ.zɪt/ noun [ C ] FORMAL 先决条件；前提；必备条件something which must exist or happen before something else can exist or happenPassing a written exam is a prerequisite for taking the advanced course.Public support is a prerequisite for/to the success of this project.3.sparse/spɑːs/ /spɑːrs/ adjective 稀少的；零落的small in numbers or amount, often scattered over a large areaa sparse population/audience Information coming out of the disaster area is sparse.4. aptitude /ˈæp.tɪ.tjuːd/ /-tuːd/ noun [ C or U ]a natural ability or skillMy son has no/little aptitude for sport.personal aptitudes and abilities into account.ˈnep.ə.tɪ.z ə m/ noun [ U ] DISAPPROVING 裙带关系；任人唯亲using your power or influence to get good jobs or unfair advantages for members of your own familyHe was guilty of nepotism and corruption.managerial /ˌmæn.əˈdʒɪə.ri.əl/ /-ˈdʒɪr.i-/ adjectiverelating to a manager or management 管理的；经营的managerial responsibilities/decisions/skillsA 2. nebulous /ˈneb.jʊ.ləs/ adjective(especially of ideas) not clear and having no form 模糊的；不清楚的She has a few nebulous ideas about what she might like to do in the future, but nothing definite.A 3.nondescript /ˈnɒn.dɪ.skrɪpt/ /ˈnɑːn-/ adjective 无特征的；毫无个性的；平庸的very ordinary, or having no interesting or exciting features or qualitiesThe meteorological 气象bureau is in a nondescript building on the outskirts of town.A 4.murky /ˈmɜː.ki/ /ˈmɝː-/ adjective DARK/DIRTY1. dark and dirty or difficult to see through 浑浊的；污浊的The river was brown and murky after the storm.2. describes a situation that is complicated and unpleasant, and about which many factsare not clearHe became involved in the murky world of international drug-dealing.I don't want to get into the murky waters of family arguments.A 5.mercenary /ˈmɜː.s ə n.ri/ /ˈmɝː-/ adjective DISAPPROVING 只为金钱的；图利的interested only in the amount of money that you can get from a situationHe had some mercenary scheme to marry a wealthy widow.mercenary /ˈmɜː.s ə n.ri/ /ˈmɝː-/ noun [ C ] 雇佣兵a soldier who fights for any country or group that pays themP32B 6ecstatic /ɪkˈstæt.ɪk/ /-ˈstæt ̬-/ adjectiveextremely happyThe new president was greeted by an ecstatic crowd.B 7. endow/ɪnˈdaʊ/ verb [ T ]to give a large amount of money to pay for creating a college or hospital, etc. or to provide an income for it 资助、捐助The state of Michigan has endowed three institutes to do research for industry.be endowed with sth 使天生具有to have a particular quality or featureSome lucky people are endowed with both brains and beauty.Sardinia is generously endowed with prehistoric sites.B 8.deter/dɪˈtɜː r / /-ˈtɝː/ verb [ T ] -rr-to prevent from doing something or to make someone less enthusiastic about doing something by making it difficult for them to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it These measures are designed to deter an enemy attack.High prices are deterring many young people from buy ing houses.B 9. badger /ˈbædʒ.ə r / /-ɚ/ verb [ T ]to persuade someone by telling them repeatedly to do something, or to question someone repeatedly 纠缠Stop badgering me - I'll do it when I'm ready.[ + into + -ing verb ] She's been badgering me into do ing some exercise.[ + to infinitive ] Every time we go into a shop, the kids badger me to buy them sweets.Nag: keep complaining to sb about their behaviour or keep asking them to do sth 唠叨；不停地抱怨She had been nagging him to paint the fence.B 10.dubious /ˈdjuː.bi.əs/ /ˈduː-/ adjective1. thought not to be completely true or not able to be trusted 不大可靠的These claims are dubious and not scientifically proven.He has been associated with some dubious characters.Ruth Ellis has the dubious (= bad) distinction of being the last woman to be hanged in Britain.2. feeling doubt or not feeling certain 可疑的about his promises to change his ways.ː.zə.bl ̬/ adjective SLIGHTLY FORMAL1. able to be made, done or achievedWith the extra resources, the scheme now seems feasible.[ + to infinitive ] It may be feasible to clone human beings, but is it ethical?2. possible or reasonableIt 's quite feasible (that) we'll get the money.hold down a jobto manage to keep a job for a period of timeA 2. immaculate /ɪˈmæk.jʊ.lət/ adjective APPROVING1. perfectly clean or tidy 整洁的；无污迹的dressed in an immaculate white suitan immaculate garden2. perfect and without any mistakes 精确的；无误的He gave an immaculate performance as the aging hero.A 3. divulge /d a ɪˈvʌldʒ/ verb [ T ] 泄露to make something secret knownJournalists do not divulge their sources.[ + question word ] The managing director refused to divulge how much she earned.A 4.alleviate /əˈliː.vi.eɪt/ verb [ T ] FORMAL 减轻；缓和to make something bad such as pain or problems less severeThe drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering.A 5. simultaneous /ˌsɪm. ə lˈteɪ.ni.əs/ /ˌsaɪ.m ə l-/ adjectivehappening or being done at exactly the same timeThere were several simultaneous explosions in different cities.B 6. scorn /skɔːn/ /skɔːrn/ noun [ U ] 鄙视；蔑视a very strong feeling of no respect for someone or something that you think is stupid orhas no valueShe has nothing but scorn for the new generation of politicians.Why do you always pour/heap scorn on (= criticize severely and unfairly) my suggestions?verb [ T ]1. to show scorn for someone or somethingSo does he respect the press and media, or does he secretly scorn them?You scorned all my suggestions.2. to refuse advice or an offer because you are too proud 傲慢的拒绝She scorned all my offers of help.B 7. culpable /ˈkʌl.pə.bl ̬/ adjective FORMAL 难辞其咎的；应受责备的deserving to be blamed or considered responsible for something badHe was held culpable (= blamed) for all that had happened.B 8. endeavour UK, US endeavor /enˈdev.ə r / /-ɚ/ verb [ I + to infinitive ]to try to do somethingEngineers are endeavouring to locate the source of the problem.B 9.supplement /ˈsʌp.lɪ.ment/ , /ˌ--ˈ-/ verb [ T ]to add something to something to make it larger or betterHe supplements (= adds to) his income by working in a bar in the evening.Some vegetarians like to supplement their diets with iron tablets.B 10.couple /ˈkʌp.l ̬/ verb JOIN[ T usually passive usually + adverb or preposition ] to join or combineThe sleeping car and restaurant car were coupled together .with low output spells disaster for the Government in the election.line on which the word is2-1. smudged /smʌdʒd/ adjectivedirty or not clearThe signature was smudged and impossible to decipher.2-3.the ˈ Marine ˌ Corps noun [ S + sing/pl verb ]a part of the United States military forces that consists of soldiers who operate on landand at seamarine /məˈriːn/ noun [ C ] 海军陆战队士兵a soldier who works closely with the navy and is trained especially for military operationson land which begin from the seacorps /kɔː r / /kɔːr/ noun [ C + sing/pl verb ] plural corps MILITARY UNITa military unit trained to perform particular duties （陆军的）特种部队the Royal Army Medical Corps /the intelligence corps3-4.relay /ˌrɪˈleɪ/ , /ˈriː.leɪ/ verb [ T ] 收到并传出；转播to repeat something you have heard, or to broadcast a signal, message or programme on television or radioI was told the news first and then I relayed it to the others.3-9：sought-after /ˈsɔːtˌɑːf.tə r / /ˈsɑːtˌæf.tɚ/ adjective 受欢迎的；争相得到的wanted by many people and usually of high quality or rareAt the age of seventeen she is already one of Hollywood's most sought-after actresses. 3-9. wade /weɪd/ verb[ I usually + adverb or preposition T ] to walk through water with difficulty because of the pressure of the water against your legs 费力的走、趟或涉The river was full but we managed to wade across .We waded a shallow river.3-10.marshy /ˈmɑː.ʃi/ /ˈmɑːr-/ adjectivedescribes an area of land that is always wet; like a marsh 似沼泽的；有沼泽的This area was very marshy before the drainage system was installed.3-10. the boondocks /ðəˈbuːn.dɒks/ /-dɑːks/ plural noun US DISAPPROVINGany area in the country that is quiet, has few people living in it, and is a long way away from a town or city 穷乡僻壤3-10. manoeuvre UK, US maneuver /məˈnuː.və r / /-vɚ/ noun MILITARY OPERATION [ C usually plural ] a planned and controlled movement or operation by the armed forces for training purposes and in war 大规模演习military /naval manoeuvres / We saw the army on manoeuvres in the mountains.5-4.sedate /sɪˈdeɪt/ verb [ T ] 给某人镇静剂to cause a person or animal to be very calm or go to sleep by giving them a drugWhen I saw him after the accident he was still in shock and was heavily sedated.5-9. toughen /ˈtʌf. ə n/ verb MAKE STRONG坚硬；坚固；使更坚强1. [ T ] to make something or someone tough, strong, or strongerThe UN announced its intentions to toughen sanctions 制裁still further.His time in the army certainly toughened him up .5-10. limp /lɪmp/ adjectivesoft and neither firm nor stiff 柔软的；无力的；无精神的a limp lettuce leaf/salad /a limp handshake7-4.oblivious /əˈblɪv.i.əs/ adjective 未觉察的；未注意的not conscious of something, especially what is happening around youAbsorbed in her work, she was totally oblivious of her surroundings.The government seems oblivious to the likely effects of the new legislation.7-5.clank /klæŋk/ verb [ I or T ] 金属声；叮当声to make a short loud sound like that of metal objects hitting each other, or to cause something to make this soundMy bike chain was clanking in an alarming way as I pedalled along.9-3. condolence /kənˈdəʊ.lən t s/ /-ˈdoʊ-/ noun [ C usually plural U ]sympathy and sadness for the family or close friends of a person who has recently died, or an expression of this, especially in written form 同情；吊慰；吊唁a letter of condolenceplease accept my condolences. 谨致吊慰之意13—1：Right off/straight away/off : without hesitation or delay马上：毫不耽搁的I want it typed right away, please.请立刻把它打印出来I told her right/straitht off what I thought of her.我把我对她的看法直截了当的告诉了她14-9：ˈ serial ˌ number noun [ C ]one of a set of numbers that is put on things produced in large quantities, such as computers, televisions, paper money, etc. so that each has a different number and can be recognized1. unpleasant, immoral and unacceptable 不道德的；可耻的This vile policy of ethnic cleansing must be stopped.。