Activity: Quiz Imagine that you are going to a large urban American university for graduate study. To evaluate your adaptation potential, rate yourself on the adaptation checklist. Give yourself a score for each item according to the following scale: 1. Poor 2. Not as good as most people 3. Average 4. Better than most people 5. Excellent Adaptation Checklist Total score Background and Preparation Age — youth is an advantage Education — the higher the better Urban background — city dwellers do better than rural residents High level of professional skill General knowledge of the new culture, its history, custom arts, etc. Specific knowledge of the new situation; city, university, etc. Oral and written fluency in the language of new culture Previous out-of-culture experiences Similarity of home culture to new culture Personality factors Tends to be accepting of different ways of doing things Likes to meet new people and do new things Stays calm in difficult situations Pays attention to people and not just to tasks Can tolerate ambiguous or uncertain situations Has a sense of humor Strong but flexible in character Willing to take risks; not too concerned about social and psychological security Attitudes and motivation Voluntarily chooses to be in contact with the new culture Attracted to the new situation rather than escaping problems at home Admiration and respect for the new culture No sense that one culture s superior or inferior to another Few stereotypes (inaccurate broad generalizations) about the new culture Health Robust good health Good health habits High energy level
Home cooking
b.psychological symptoms
Psychological symptoms are insomnia, fatigue, isolation and loneliness, disorientation, frustration, criticism of new country, depression, nervousness, selfdoubt, irritability, anger, and emotional and intellectual withdrawal.
2. Stages of Intercultural Adaptation
U-curve Pattern
Honeymoon Period Crisis Period Adjustment Period Biculturalism Period
W-curve Pattern
•reverse culture shock
d. Marginalization (边缘化)
Marginalization occurs when the individual chooses not to identify with his or her native culture or with the host culture.
The Process of Acculturation
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics
1. Symptoms of culture shock
a. physical symptoms b. psychological symptoms
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics
a. physical symptoms
a. Language Shock
b. Role Shock
Role shock refers to the feeling of loss of personal status in an ambiguous new environment in which we make efforts to switch our role in order to fit and function well in the host culture.
Predisposition
Personal Communication
Host Receptivity
Preparedness
Social Communication
Host Conformity Pressure
Ethnicity
Ethnic Group Strength
Personality
Text B:
g. Culture distance
Culture distance refers to the distance between a sojourner’s culture and the host culture and signals the degree of alienation, estrangement, and psychological distress the sojourner feels as a result.
Positive
Negative
Possible Results
1. The definition of acculturation
Acculturation （文化适应） refers to an individual’s learning and adopting the norms and values of the new host culture.
d. Culture fatigue
Culture fatigue is used to describe the physical and psychological discomforts experienced by sojourners trying to adapt to a new culture.
c. Transition shock
Transition shock is used to describe the distress we experience when trying to cope with the multitude of changes required by the host culture. It is similar to the state of losing a close family member, divorce, or geographic relocation.
Physical symptoms are over-concern about cleanliness of food, bedding, and dishes, extreme stress on health and safety; fear or physical contact with anyone in the new country; great concern over minor pains and skin eruptions; craving “home cooking”; use of alcohol and drugs; and a decline in work quality.
Culture Shock
▲Pre-reading Task:
Culture Shock
Culture shock
It refers to the traumatic experience that an individual may encounter when entering a different culture.
大学英语 跨文化交际
Chapter 9 Intercultural Adaptation
黑龙江大学外语部
Learning objectives:
Chapter Outline
Intercultural Adaptation
Acculturation