Unit 2 知识点讲解词汇：puzzle【观察】请同学们观察下列句子，看看puzzle在句中用法有什么不同。

1. I’m in a puzzle as to how to deal with the new situation.我不知道该如何应付新局面。

2. I know nothing about her plan; it’s a puzzle to me.她的计划对我来说是个谜，我对此一无所知。

3. Soon my brother got stuck in the crossword puzzle.在拼写这个纵横字谜时，我弟弟很快被卡住了。

4. What puzzles me is why they didn’t turn up at the wedding.令我百思不解的是他们为什么没有出现在婚礼上。

5. She listened with a puzzled expression on her face.她脸上带着困惑的表情在倾听着。

6. The teacher’s explanation threw light upon the puzzling proble m.老师的说明使大家明白了这个让人困惑的问题。

【小结】puzzle作名词用时，可表示“困惑；谜；字谜；难题”等意义。

如句1、2、3。

puzzle也常用作及物动词，意思是“使困惑；使为难”。

puzzling和puzzled分别用作形容词，其中前者多修饰物，表示“令人困惑的”；后者常修饰人，意思是“（某人）感到困惑的”。

注意：当修饰人的表情、眼神、眼泪、微笑、叫声等时，常用puzzled。

如句4、5、6。

【练习】用puzzle的适当形式填空。

1. The _____ look on his face suggested that the problem was hard to solve.2. I wrote him last month and it is _____ that he hasn’t answered my letter so far.3. The meaning of the ancient Chinese poem has always been a _____ to me.4. What _____ me is why J.K. Rowling’s novels are so popular with teenagers. Keys：1. puzzled2. puzzling3. puzzle4. puzzlesvariousvarious adj. 各种各样的；不同种类的【例句】Tourists have various things to see and do in the theme park.在主题公园里，游客可看各种各样的东西，做各种各样的事。

For various reasons, he didn’t accept her invitation to her birthday party.由于各种原因，他没有接受她的邀请，参加她的生日聚会。

【拓展】1. vary v. 改变；变化；变更；使多样化；vary from ... to ...从……到……不等，在……到……之间变动；vary with ... 随……而变化。

2. variety n. 变化；种类；多样性；a variety of = varieties of = various多种多样的。

3. varied adj. 多种多样的，通常可与various通用，但varied带有“多变的；可变化的”意思。

【练习】从vary，variety，various和varied中选择合适的词填空。

1. The government has taken a _____ of measures to stop air pollution.2. The school library provides us students with wide _____ of books.3. As in China, the climate in Canada _____ from area to area.4. Before he retired last month, Mr. Black had enjoyed a long and _____ career.5. He has collected a large number of coins of _____ shapes and colors.Keys：1. variety2. varieties3. varies4. varied5. various / variedarise【观察】阅读下列句子，注意arise在句中的不同意思，并在a-e中找出与之对应的释义。

1. Heavy smoke arises when the coal is burned.2. Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment.3. The audience arose and applauded warmly at the end of the concert.4. He arose at six that morning, half an hour earlier than usual.5. The report shows that traffic accidents often arise from careless driving.【释义】a. stand up; rise to one’s feet 起立；站起来b. come into being; begin to happen 兴起；出现；发生c. to move upward; to go up 升起；上升d. to wake up and get up 起床e. to result; be caused or started by something产生；引起；造成Keys 1-c 2-b 3-a 4-d 5-e【辨析】rise; raise与arisearise (arose; arisen) 为不及物动词，多指“(问题、困难等)产生，出现”，也可指“起来，起身”等。

rise (rose; risen) 为不及物动词，作“上升，升起”讲，也可指“起身，起立，起床，上涨”等含义。

raise为及物动词，根本含义是“使上升”，它也有“举起，提出，抚养，筹集”等意思。

【练习】从rise, raise和arise中选择合适的词，并用其适当形式填空。

1. The doctors said that her illness _____ from lack of rest.2. He _____ his voice, hoping to make himself heard by all people present.3. The sun _____ in the east and sets in the west.4. She has made a lot of money by _____ pigs these years.5. Do you have any idea how the quarrel between them _____?1. arose2. raised3. rises4. raising5. arose短语：apart from【观察】阅读下列两组句子，注意观察其中apart from的意义有什么不同。

1. A. Apart from being too large, the c olor of the dress doesn’t suit me.这裙子除了太大，颜色我穿也不合适。

B. Apart from John and Mary, ten other students in our class have seen the film.除了约翰和玛丽，我们班还有10位同学看过这部电影。

2. A. It is a well-written composition, apart from some spelling mistakes.撇开一些拼写错误来说，这篇作文写得很好。

B. I like the dress very much apart from the color. It is a bit too bright.这裙子我很喜欢，只是颜色太鲜艳了。

【小结】通过观察以上两组句子，我们可以看出apart from是短语介词，后接名词、代词、动词-ing形式等作宾语，构成介词短语。

apart from兼有“除外”和“包括”双重意义：第一组句子中，apart from表示“此外，除……之外（还有）”，相当于besides，as well as，in addition to。

第二组句子中，apart from表示“撇开……来说，除了……之外”，相当于except for。

【练习】将下列句子译成汉语。

1. Apart from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.2. Apart from a few words, I do not know any Italian at all.3. Apart from “angry” and “hungry”, what other common English words end in “-gry”?1. 游泳除了有趣和是很好的锻炼外，也是一门有用的技能。

2. 除了几个单词外，我对意大利语一窍不通。

3. 除了angry和hungry, 还有哪些英文常见单词以-gry结尾?refer to◆ refer to常用来表示“谈到；提到；涉及到”。

如：1. The student referred to his father three times in his composition.该同学在作文里三次提到他父亲。

2. The book referred to his past experience as a teacher.书中涉及到他以前当老师的经历。

◆ refer to也有“参考；查阅”等含义。

如：1. He referred to his notebook now and then when giving his speech.他在发表演讲时不时翻看笔记本。

2. Don’t refer to the dictionary ev ery time you come across a new word.不要一遇到生词就查词典。