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六、要约的不可撤销性
VI. Irrevocability of an Offer
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Option contract
七、要约的终止
VII. Termination of an Offer
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第三节 对价
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两种合同为法律所认同
一、对价的定义
对价是指根据协议已经履行或者允诺 合同义务当事人的到某种利益，或者 是接受履行的对方当事人为此遭受某 种损害的事实要素，是对履行合同的 当事人的一种回报。 对价是购买对方允诺的价格
当事人履行既存 的义务不构成对 价 部分支付不能作 为偿还全部债务 的有效对价
放弃有效的诉权 构成对价
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对价必须由债务 人提供
案例分析
【案例】Re McArdle (1951) 【案情】 McArdle先生在世时留下遗嘱，将自己 的房屋留给妻子占用，妻子去世后再归他们的子 女所有。 McArdle先生去世后不久，他的儿子和 儿媳搬进来与母亲居住。儿媳花费488英镑对房屋 进行装修。装修完成后， McArdle先生的所有子 女一致同意，在母亲去世后子女分配财产时，先 从遗产中提出488英镑，用以补偿儿媳装修房子的 费用。但后来有的子女改变了主意，于是儿媳请 求法院判令从遗产中先获得488英镑的补偿。 问：法院该如何判决此案？
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? between Is there a contract
the claimant and the defendant?
要约与准备性的提议之间之区别
II. The Basic Elements of an Offer
Add Your Title
2. An offer also
serves the purpose of stating the terms on which you are prepared to be bound.
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一、 要约的含义
二、 要约的构成要件
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承诺的意义
• 发出要约
承诺人
• 作出承诺
要约人
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二、承诺的方式
承诺的效力
即时通讯
Instantaneous communication
• 承诺的意思至表达之时， 合同生效。 • As soon as acceptance is manifested
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要约的构成要件
要约的明确性——英国判例
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• To purchase council house • Completed the form
典型案例
【案例】Entores v Miles Far East Co. （1995） 【案情】 原告公司在伦敦，他通过电话传真 向被告在阿姆斯特丹的代理人发出了一项要 约，被告的代理人，也用的同样的方式作出 承诺，但在电传承诺的过程中线路中断。原 告后来声称被告违约，向法院起诉。 【判决】由于承诺通知完成前线路中断，故 合同并未成立。
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An offer is directed to a particular person
The relationship of parties are different
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美国《第二次合同法重述》第26条
要约与要约邀请的区别
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1. An offer is communication that creates in the offeree the power to form a contract by accepting in an authorized manner.
Difference between an Offer and an invitation to treat.
offer
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Invitation to treat
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Manchester City Council
• May be prepared to sell the house
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Gibson
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判断是否是要约的依据
Defendant A intended to sell his farm for 50,000 dollars to claimant B and therefore sent an offer to B. B accepted the offer the next day. After a we
Question
Defendant A intended to sell his farm for 50,000 dollars to claimant B and therefore sent an offer to B. B accepted the offer the next day. After a week, another person C tried to purchase the defendant’s farm at a higher price, so the defendant promised to sell the farm to C and both parties signed a contract. When the claimant B attempted to finalize sale, defendant A denied there was a contract between them on the grounds that he was drunk when making the offer and the offer was a joke on claimant. Claimant sued for specific performance.
判例
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• offeree • Accept the offer on Friday • Was notified withdrawal on Thursday
• offeror • Offer to sell a house for 800 pounds • Withdrew the offer before Friday
Difference between counter-offer and acceptance
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Questions



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Is it aance)
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一、承诺的含义
承诺是受要约人向要约人表达对要约的同意。 Acceptance is the offeree‟s manifestation of assent to the offer. 要点： （1）承诺是自愿的，主动的，有意识的接受要 约； （2）只有受要约人才能接受要约； （3）承诺是无条件的全盘接受。
•要约不可转让
• Paid-for offer
例外
五、要约的撤销
V. Withdrawal of an Offer
要约人可以在要约被接受前的 任何时候撤销要约
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条件是要约人必须在受要约人 接受要约前通知受要约人其撤 销的意图
III. The Basic Elements of an Offer
1. An offer must be manifested 2. An offer must indicate a desire to enter into a contract 3. An offer must be directed to a specific person or named group of persons 4. An offer must invite acceptance 5. An offer must create the reasonable understanding that upon acceptance
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Section A. OFFER
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Section A. OFFER
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四、要约的转让
IV. Assignment of an Offer
原则
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Termination by counter-offer 因受要约人提 出反要约而终