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本文主要综述了N -乙酰半胱氨酸作用机制及在肝病中的应用,包括其在醋氨酚中毒、重型肝炎与肝衰竭、抗乙型肝炎病毒等方面的治疗作用,说明N -乙酰半胱氨酸是一种有广泛应用潜力的药物。

关键词:N -乙酰半胱氨酸;作用机制;肝病;临床应用N -acetylcysteine about its Mechanism of Action and Application in Liver Diseases Q IAO Ling ,LI Ya -ming ,DU AN Zhong -ping .(Center o f Arti ficial Live r ,Bei jing Youan Hospital ,The Capital U niversit y o f Me di -cal Sc ince s ,Bie jing 100069,China )Abstract :N -acetylcys teine,a precursor of glutathione i n cells,is a thiol antioxidant.This article mainl y revie w ed its recent progress in mechanis m of ac tion and its applications in liver dis eas es including paraceta -mo-l induced toxicosis,severe hepati tis and hepatic failure,ant-i HBV and so on,which showed that N -acety-lcysteine is medicament with wide application potential.Key words :N -acetylc ys teine;Mechanis m of action;Liver diseases;Clinical applicationN -乙酰半胱氨酸(N -acetylcysteine,NAC)由L -半胱氨酸加上乙酰基形成,是细胞内还原性谷胱甘肽的前体。

在临床上它主要作为一种黏液溶解剂用于多种呼吸系统疾病的治疗,迄今已有30多年的历史。

随着对该药认识的不断深入,发现它在治疗艾滋病、癌症、药物及重金属中毒、心脏病、帕金森病以及吸烟损害等方面均具有明显的作用[1]。

由于NAC 对肝脏细胞具有保护作用,其静脉和口服制剂广泛用于治疗醋氨酚(对乙酰氨基酚)中毒所致的肝脏毒性损伤,近年来国内外临床研究证明应用NAC 不仅可以治疗醋氨酚过量引起的肝衰竭,对其他病因引起的肝衰竭也显示良好疗效。

现就NAC 在机体内作用机制及其在治疗肝病中的应用进展综述如下。

1 NAC 的作用机制1.1 NAC 可提高机体内谷胱甘肽含量 谷胱甘肽(glutath-ione,GS H)是由谷氨酸、半胱氨酸和甘氨酸结合而成的三肽,半胱氨酸上的巯基是其活性基团,GSH 具有解毒、抗氧化等多种重要功能。

NAC 作为小分子物质,易于进入细胞,脱乙酰基后成为GS H 合成的前体,促进GSH 的合成,提高组织内GS H含量,增强组织的抗自由基及抗药物、毒物损伤的能力。

体外实验证实细胞在含有NAC 的生长介质中有很强的摄取胱氨酸的能力,并很快利用其在细胞内进行GS H 的生物合成[2]。

体内实验中发现NAC 能提高红细胞、肝脏组织和肺组织中细胞内的GSH 水平[2]。