二、英语的形态律和贴近律
（一）英语的形态律
the people of China the people who live in China the people living in China
（二）英语的贴近律 It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. In spite of this, many people are confident that “The Revealer” may reveal something of value fairly soon. Lydia talked incessantly of lottery tickets, of the fish she had lost and the fish she had won. Whatever he said, was said well; and whatever he did, done gracefully. Between Elizabeth and Charlotte there was a restraint which kept them mutually silent on the subject.
the united efforts of his two unfeeling sisters and of his overpowering friend.
3、事理上的因果律 此情若是长久时，又岂在朝朝暮暮？ 夫子步亦步，夫子趋亦趋，夫子驰亦驰；夫子奔亦绝尘，而回瞠若乎后矣。 Every object in the next day’s journey was new and interesting to Elizabeth; and her spirits were in a state for enjoyment; for she had seen her sister looking so well as to banish all fear for her health, and the prospect of her northern tour was a constant source of delight. 4、心理上的重轻律 （二）汉语的音韵律 1、调序规律 2、音节奇偶规律
二、复杂句对比
（一）英语复句 1、并列复合句 2、主从复合句 （二）汉语复句 1、形合复句 2、紧缩局 3、公因话题句
第二章 英汉语序对比
一、汉语的逻辑律和音韵律
（一）汉语的逻辑律 1、时间上的先后律 如：她吃完了饭，换上新衣服、新手帕、绣花鞋、镶边裤。又擦了一次粉， 加了几件首饰，然后叫于福给她备了驴，她骑上，于福给她赶上，往区上去。 Before joining her husband in England, Mrs. Smith made an expedition into America, leaving her little children upon the Continent, under the care of her French maid. 2、空间上的大小律 遥远的夜空，有一个弯弯的月亮；弯弯的月亮下面，是那弯弯的小桥；小桥的 旁边，有一条弯弯的小船；弯弯的小船悠悠，是那童年的你我。 Arable lands are few and limited; with but slight exceptions the prospect is a broad rich mass of grass and trees, mantling minor hills and dales within the major. Such is the Vale of Blackmoor.
We drove to the station. We drove to the station, laughing and talking. Laughing and talking, we drove to the station to pick him up. Laughing and talking, we drove to the station to take him home. Laughing and talking, we drove to the station to take him home to meet our parents.
(二)、汉语简单句
1、主谓句 （1）“大主语+（小主语+动词谓语）”型主谓谓语句 （2）“大主语+（小主语+名词谓语）”型主谓谓语句 （3）“大主语+（小主语+形容词谓语）”型主谓谓语句 2、非谓语句 （1）名词性非谓语句 （2）动词性非谓语句 （3）形容词性非谓语句 （4）叹词非主谓句 我们开车去车站。 我们说说笑笑地开车去车站。 我们说说笑笑地开车去车站接他。 我们说说笑笑地开车去车站接他回家。 我们说说笑笑地开车去车站接他回家见我们的父母。
英汉句法对比
第一章 句子结构对比
一、英汉简单句对比 （一）英语简单句
（1）SV Cricket chirps. （2）SVC The meeting is positive and constructive. (3) SVO A hard beginning makes a good ending. (4) SVOO The father brought his daughter a new Barbie doll. (5) SVOC They named the ship er. (6) SVA He kept silent. (7) SVOA She kept the baby in bed.