Communication is transactional
The goal of communication -- is not merely to influence and persuade others -- but also to improve one‘s knowledge, to seek understanding, to develop agreements, to negotiate shared meanings
Components of Communication
Receiver the individual who decodes a communication message Decoding the process of the receiver interpreting the signal . Receiver response anything the receiver does after having decoded the message. it can range from doing nothing to taking some action that may or may not be the desired action Feedback a message that is sent back to the source. Context the environment
Components of Communication
Source
Encoding Message
Receiver :
people
Decoding:
process
Feedback :
message
Receiver response:
action
Video Analysis (P97)
The Physical Context
• The physical context includes the actual location of the interactants:
– indoors or outdoors, – crowded or quiet, – public or private, – warm or cold…
The Interpersonal Context
• Different behaviors result from differences in the relationships between them.
• Supposing you are asking them for a favor, what will you say?
Can you tell the components in this lecture?
Video Analysis (P97)
Source：the lecturer Encoding: his lecture about justice Message: his story Channel: the hall Receiver: Ss Decoding: Ss are listening to his lecture. Receiver response: raising up their hands Feedback: volunteering a reason Context: T, Ss, hall
Communication is transactional
All participants are simultaneously interpreting multiple messages at all moments. These messages include
not only the meaning of the words but also the meaning conveyed by • the tone of voice, the types of gestures, • the frequency of body movements, the distances between people, • the formality of the language, the seating arrangements, • the length of pauses…
People attribute different meanings to the same symbol and may use different symbols to mean the same things.

Act cute Protest
Waving the white flag:
to surrender
Notion of Communication
Communication is derived from the Latin communicare, to share with or to make common
Common is the prelude of communication. Only when people have many interests in common can they carry out the effective communication.
Video Analysis

Did he communicate successfully at first? Why? How did he make it?
Keys:

Communication requires a degree of understanding sufficient to accomplish the purpose of the participants.
Role-play

Question: Is it a communication? 1st: greeting


2nd: asking for directions
Communication is transactional
All participants work together to create and sustain the meanings that develop. Communicators are simultaneously sending and receiving messages at every instant.
Chapter 5
LOGO
communication and culture
Contents
Components
Characteristics
Patterns of thinking Communication apprehension and skills Communicative styles
International traffic symbols, which consist of easily understood pictures, are frequently used in place of words to instruct drivers.
Communication is interpretive




Whenever we communicate, we must interpret the symbolic behaviors of others. to understand what the others are trying to communicate to reach agreement on the particular issues agreement is not requirement of communication
The Social Context
• Various kinds of interactions should normally occur given different kinds of social events.
– Funerals, weddings – Meeting room, stadium
Making up conversation
candlelight dining
soccer court
Communication is Contextual
• A communication that takes place within a setting or situation is called a context. • The context includes the physical, social, and interpersonal settings within which messages are exchanged.
Characteristics of communication
Symbolic（符号的）
Interpretive （理解的）
Transactional （互动的）
Contextual （语境的） Dynamic （动态的）
Communication is symbolic
All cultures use symbols. A symbol is a word, action, or object that represents a unit of meaning.
Communication is symbolic
All cultures use symbols. A symbol is a word, action, or object that represents a unit of meaning.
Marriage
Romance
Communication is symbolic