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系动词词义不完整，在句中不能单独使 用（除省略句外），后面必须接有表语， 系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。
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一、系动词的分类：
常见的系动词大致可， look， feel，
seem， appear， smell， taste， sound， turn out
I think that he is good guy.
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宾语
宾语在句子中主要充当动作的承受者，一般放于及物动词
之后。
宾语 动宾
例:老师把灯关了.
介宾
The teacher turned off the lights. 介宾 例:他们将不会伤害我们. They won’t hurt us. 动宾
• Leave the door open.
•We found John out when we arrived.
• Make yourself at home.
• I saw him enter the hall.
• The boss keeps them working all day.
• 2I020/h3/1e6ard my name called.
Seeing is believing.
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补语
主语补足语：补充说明主语的动作或状态 补语
宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的动作或状态
１．我又累又困，就去睡了。
主语补足语 Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.
2．我发现那本书很有趣。
I found that book very interesting. 宾语补足语
表语/宾 宾语
语
0
p
宾补 oc
the violin.
student s
me
a pen.
me
laugh
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基本句型 一： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
Ｓ │Ｖ（是系动词）│ Ｐ
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good. 3. He │fell │in love. 4. Everything │looks │different. 5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 。 7. Our well │has gone │dry. 8. His face │turned │red.
宾语补足语
• 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思， 还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意 思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用．
• 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现 在分词和过去分词充当．
• If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？
Shall we go shopping today or tomorrow? ②表地点：in China, at the airport…
我在教室里看见一个学生．
I saw a student in the classroom.
③表原因: because, as, for, since…
独立成分
与全句没有语法关系的句子成分叫做句子的 独立成分。 感叹词: oh, hello, aha, ah,等。 肯定词: yes 否定词: no 称呼语: 称呼人的用语。 插入语: 一些句中插入的 I think, I believe,等。 The story, I think, has never come to the end. 我相信, 这个故事还远没结束.
I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.
He is 2020/3/16 writing with a pen.
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状语
状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按 用途分，可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件， 让步，程度，方式，伴随状况等。
①表时间：yesterday, today, tomorrow…
只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩．
As long as you study hard, you can get a high mark.
⑦表让步: in spite of, despite, although, though 他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我．
He helped me although he didn’t know me. ⑧表程度: very, enough, to some extent…
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、 省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基 础。
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• １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的 部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从 句充当．它的位置一般在句首．
The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends.
他因为生病所以今天没有去上学． Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school today.
④表结果：to+do, v+ing, 从句
那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了．
The boy fell off the tree, striking his head against the ground.
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宾语
• 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短 语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动
词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后． She plays the piano.
He often helps me.
I like watching TV.
She likes to go to shop this afternoon.
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简单句
句子分类
由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个 谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子.eg:
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing .
复合句
有两个或两个以上的简 并列复合句 单句用连词连接而成。
如：and, but, or, so等 定语从句
（结果是、证明是）等。
You don’t look very well. I feel rather cold.
He seems to be ill.
It appears that he is unhappy.
The roses smell sweet.
The mixture tasted horrible.
表语：
• 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词， 形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面．
I am a teacher.
She is happy.
Everybody is here.
They are at home now.
My job is to teach English.
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定语
• 定语用来修饰名词或代词．形容词，代词，数 词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词， 从句都可以充当定语．
• The black bike is mine.
• What’s your name? A broken vase.
• I have 5 books. A sleeping boy.
那里的风景非常漂亮．
The scenery there is very beautiful.
⑨表方式: like that, as, as if…
不要那样看我．
Don’t look at me like that! ⑩表伴随状况：
老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书．
The teacher came into the classroom, catching a book in his hand.
How sweet the music sounds!
20T20h/3e/16day turned out (to be) a fine one
句子成分
和
基本句型
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1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓↓ ↓
↓↓
↓
主谓 定 宾 同
状
语语 语 语 位
语
语
句子包括哪些成分？
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、 状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、 表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语 (adverbial) 和补语（complement）。
例:他在上个星期放弃吸烟了.
He gave up smoking la介s宾t week.
• 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指 物,间接宾语指人.
• He gave me some books.
↓ 间接 宾语
↓ 直接 宾语
●Please pass me the book. ●He bought me some flowers.
• They made paper flowers.