and Drug resistance increases
2
Respiratory System
（一）pandect
• Signs and symptoms
➢ Cough
Laryngitis/ bronchitis/ bronchial asthma/ chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/ lung cancer
➢ Expectoration
Lung abscess/ bronchiectasis/ pneumonia
➢ Hemoptysis pulmonary Tuberculosis
➢ Dyspnea
Pneumothorax/ pleural effusion/ left heart failure
➢ Stethalgia
neutrophils 中性粒细胞的氧化代谢
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Respiratory System
鼻炎
Sinus/-itis ['saɪnə'saɪtɪs]
鼻窦炎
咽炎
Pharyng/-itis [.færɪn'dʒaɪtɪs]
咽炎
Laryng/-itis [lærɪn'dʒaɪtɪs] 喉炎
Bronch/-itis [brɒŋ'kaɪtɪs] 支气管炎
➢ Enable speech production
1
Respiratory System
（一）pandect
• The influencing factors of respiratory diseases ➢ Air pollution and
smoking ➢ Inhaled allergens ➢ The variation of etiology
Muc(o) -
Slime
Myx(o) -
2021/3/4
Mucoid['mju:kɔɪd]粘液样的 mucociliary[mju:kəʊ'sɪlɪərɪ] 黏液 纤毛的 mucositis[m'ju:kɒsaɪtɪs] 黏膜炎
hemothorax/ Pulmonary thromboembolism
Respiratory System
（一）pandect
• Lab and other inspection
➢Blood tests
➢bronchoscopy
➢antigen skin test ➢Thoracoscope
➢ phlegm examinatio➢ lungobiopsy
2021/3/4
耳炎 扁桃体炎
喉炎
细支气管炎
root
Pneum (o)-
meani ng
Lung,ai r
example
pneumothorax[nju:mə'θɔ:ræks]气胸 pneumonia肺炎 pneumatic [nu:'mætɪk]充气的 pneumocystis[n'juːməsɪstɪs]肺囊虫 pneumonectomy[nju:mə'nektəmɪ] 肺切除术 pneumonrrhagia [nju:mə'rei:dʒɪə] 肺出血 pneumograph['nju:məgrɑ:f] 呼吸描计议 pneumocyte[nju:mə'sɪt]肺细胞 pneumatocele['nju:mətəʊsi:l] 肺 膨出
Respiratory System
（二）、Pneumonia in general
Defense mechanism [di'fens 'mekənizəm]of the respiratory tract（呼吸道防御机制）
➢ Filtration[fil'treiʃn] and deposition['depə'zɪʃn] 滤除及沉积（nasal function鼻功能） pathogens['pæθədʒəns] in the upper airways 上呼吸道病原体 Cough reflex 咳嗽反射 ➢ Mucociliary[mju:kəʊ'sɪlɪərɪ] clearance 黏液纤毛清除 ➢ macrophages['mækrəfeɪdʒ] 巨噬细胞 ➢ Humoral['hju:mərəl] and cellular ['seljələ(r)] immunity 体液及细胞的免疫 ➢ Oxidative ['ɒksɪdeɪtɪv] metabolism [məˈtæbəlɪzəm]of the
the lung, 肺炎是肺实质的急性感染 ，(lowerrespiratory tract) 下呼吸道 caused by microorganism [maɪkrəʊ'ɔ:gənɪzəm] 由微生物引起, comes with fever , focal chest
symptoms , shadowing on CXR （chest X-ray胸部x线检查）. 伴随发热，局灶性胸部症状，胸片阴 影。
n
➢supersonic inspection
➢pleural effusion ➢respiratory function test
➢thoracicopuncture ➢Pulmometry
➢radio examination

Respiratory System
Definition
Pneumonia is an acute infection of the parenchyma[pə'reŋkɪmə] of
Pulmo( o)-
Path(o) -
patholo gy
Pulmonary['pʌlmənəri]肺的,肺病的
Pathobiology[pæθəbaɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] 病理学 Pathogen[‘pæθədʒən]病 原体 Pathogenesis [pæθə‘dʒenɪsɪs] 发病机理 pathologist[pə’θɒlədʒɪst] 病理学家
Respiratory System
（一）pandect
• Functions
➢ Breathing process
Alveolar/0-
oxygen carbon dioxide
c0o2 2
➢ Exchange of Oxygen Hyperpnea Cyanosis and Carbon Dioxide