英汉翻译常用技巧----省略法Oct. 17th–21st 省略是指原文中有些词在译文中不翻译出来。

原因是译文中虽无其词但已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的。

换言之，省略是删去一些可有可无的，或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文语言习惯的词。

但省略并非把原文的意义删去。

一、从语法结构考虑的省略1. 代词的省略A.省略作主语的代词。

汉语习惯中，前句出现一个主语，后句如仍为同一主语，就不必重复。

英语中则通常每句都有主语，人称代词往往多次出现。

英译汉中该类人称代词常常可以省略。

eg1. He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.他消瘦而憔悴，看上去一幅可怜相。

eg2. Like his friends he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice.像他的朋友一样，他头脑里虽然有许多美妙的想法，却只有少数付诸实施。

eg3. My elder brother did not come yesterday, he went to his friend’s home.我的弟弟昨天没来，到朋友家去了。

B. 泛指的代词常常不译。

eg4.When will he arrive? – You can never tell.他什么时候到？很难说。

eg5. One is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。

eg6. All those years in the military, where there were certain standards and rules; where young men treated their superiors with respect; where you gave an order and it was obeyed; where a uniform meant you were all on the same side.多年来的军队生涯，那里总是有一定的标准和规则；年轻人尊敬上级；发出命令，人人遵守；同样的制服就意味着站在同一边。

eg7. He who cannot forgive others destroys the bridge over which he himself must pass.人不宽容他人，就会断了自己的后路。

eg8. If you want to kill a snake you must hit it first on the head and if you want to catch a band of robbers you must first catch their leader.打蛇先打头，擒贼先擒王。

C. 省略作宾语的代词。

eg9. In fact, Hitler’s ―blitz‖ carried him so far in Russia, to the very gate of Leningrad by September, a city he was never to seize.事实上，希特勒所进行的“闪电战”曾深入苏境，九月份已直逼列宁格勒--一座他始终未能攻陷的城市。

eg10. I’ve received your letter and read it with delight.我收到你的来信，很愉快地读了。

eg11. In fact he showed quite clearly that the Copernican ideas were correct. But he did not sayopenly that he accepted them.事实上，他相当清楚地表明哥白尼的学说是正确的，只是他没有公开宣布接受而已。

eg12. He who knows and knows he knows, he is wise—follow him!知之且知其所知者，乃大智之人---应从之！eg13. I haven’t seen you for ages! How are you doing with your work?好久没见了！工作进展如何？D. 省略物主代词eg14. He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一声不吭。

eg15. In my childhood I heard a great deal about the great leader.在孩童时代，我就听到很多关于这位伟大领袖的事情。

eg16. In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然不断地进行着斗争。

2. 省略非人称或无意义的的代词itA.非人称的iteg17. Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.外面漆黑一团，下着瓢泼大雨。

eg18. Everybody knows that it is easier said than done!做比说难，人皆知之！eg19. It was just growing dark, as she walked out of the classroom.她步出教室时，已是暮色苍茫了。

B.无意义或强调句中的iteg20. Peter has always enjoyed claiming that it was he and not George, who was the first to reach the summit of the mountain.彼得一直津津乐道的是，第一个到达山顶的不是乔治，而是他自己。

eg21. Reading furnishes the mind only with the materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.读书只能供给心灵以知识的材料，思想才能把我们所读的变成自己的东西。

eg22. It is such a piece of cake for him to drink a whole bottle of wine.把整瓶酒喝下去对他而言是小菜一碟。

3. 省略连词A.省略并列连词and和oreg23. He considered the National Security Council too large and bulky and thus too leaky, too many people who talked too much.他认为国家安全委员会机构太庞大，人多嘴杂，容易泄密。

eg24. Men and women, old and young, all joined in the battle.男女老少都参加了战斗。

eg25. All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women are merely players. They have their exits and their entrances.世界是一个大舞台，所有人都只是其中的演员。

有出场，也有退场。

B.省略表示原因、条件和时间的从属连词省略表示原因的连词eg26. We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin.我们看见了一只知更鸟，知道春天快到了。

eg27. He declined to amplify on the President’s statement, since he had not read the text.他没有看到总统讲话的文本，不愿加以发挥。

省略表示条件的连词eg28. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?冬天来了，春天还会远吗？eg29. ―You’ve got to be careful of these eastern lawyers. If you are not careful, they’ll take you and turn you inside out.‖“对这些东部的律师可得提防。

一不小心，他们就会抓着你，把你弄个够呛！”省略表示时间的连词eg30. Sunday is the day when I am least busy.星期天我最闲。

eg31. He stood there, handsome, reserved – somehow those fours stars seemed visible even when he was in civvies.他站在那里，英俊而矜持，他穿着便服，然而他那上将的四颗星似乎隐约可见。

4. 省略介词。

表示时间和地点的英语前置介词，译成汉语如出现在句首，大都可以省略，出现在句尾就一般不省略。

eg32. The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.一九四九年中华人民共和国成立。

比较：中华人民共和国于一九四九年成立。

（介词于放在句末不能省略。

）eg33. Rumors had already spread along the streets and lanes.各种流言蜚语早就传遍了大街小巷。

eg34. Now complaints are heard in all parts of that country.该国各地目前怨声载道。

eg35. He would die before he submits.他宁死不屈。

5. 省略谓语。

英语中谓语必须是动词，汉语中的谓语形式较多样化，如可以表现为形容词等其它词性。

英汉翻译可适当省略谓语。

eg36. These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.这些发展中国家土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。

eg37. When the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low.压力低，沸点就低。