• Modern colonialism started with the Age of Discovery. Portugal and Spain discovered new lands across the oceans and built trading posts. For some people, it is this building of colonies across oceans that differentiates colonialism from other types of expansionism.
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Types of colonialism
• Settler colonialism • Exploitation colonialism • Plantation colonialism • Surrogate colonialism • Internal colonialism
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Age of Discovery
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Religious Freedom
• After the fall of the Roman Empire, many parts of Europe began to become less civilized again (especially in the north).
• The Church retained much control through religion, and churches were often strongholds against marauders(抢劫者).
Colonialism
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Context
• The general introduction about colonialism • The colonial policy of different countries
• TThheeetrairalniegruplaeritorda:de • SImpapiancatsnd Portugal
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European expansion
Premises: – Monarchy centralized (money support) – The development of technology and science (shipping) – The appearance of “ptolemy map” (15th Europe, 8th Arab) – More resources, a larger population and strategic locations increased potential military and political strength
• This period is also associated with the Commercial Revolution. The late Middle Ages saw reforms in accountancy and banking in Italy and the eastern Mediterranean. These ideas were adopted and adapted in western Europe to the high risks and rewards associated with colonial ventures.
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Spanish Empire
By colonizing the Americas, Spain became one of the richest and most powerful countries of the 16th century. At the height of its power in 1588, the Spanish Empire included the West Indies, Cuba, Florida, Mexico, Central
The latter period: British and France
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Definition:
• Colonialism is the establishment, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another territory. It is a process where a foreign state claims sovereignty over the colony and the social structure, government, and economics of the colony are changed by colonizers. Colonialism is a set of unequal relationships between the metropole (hub state) and the colony and between the colonists and the indigenous population.
• After the separation of the Church into Roman Catholicism and Protestant， many bloody wars and persecution happened within countries.
• Spanish Inquisition
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European expansion
Motivated by: – Need to settle excess population – Search for wealth (trade、mineral sources) – The description about the outside world in literary works – Intellectual curiosity, the spirit of adventure – Struggle for dominance of the sea – Religious reasons