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简单句的六种基本句型及其主要用法

简单句的六种基本句型及其主要用法。

一、S + V(主语+不及物动词)这种句型简称为主谓结构。

不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整,后面不需要接宾语的动词,如come, go, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。

如:—Did you go by sea?你们走的是海路吗?—No, we flew. 不,我们是坐飞机去的。

有时,不及物动词后面会跟副词、介词短语等作状语。

如:Why don’t you come at once when I call you? 我叫你时,你为什么不马上来?【练习导航】Ⅰ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子,每空一词。

1. 他在听。

He _____ _____.2. 昨晚你睡得好吗?Did you _____ _____ last night?3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。

The rain _____ _____ two hours.4. 事物总是变化的。

Things always _____.5. 他来中国的梦想实现了。

His dream to China _____ _____ _____.Ⅱ. 单项选择( )6. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. You’d better ______.A. waitB. waitingC. waitedD. to wait( )7. It _____ outside. I have to stay at home.A. rainB. is rainingC. rainedD. has rained( )8. —Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?—Yes, I did. My uncle ______ in the match.A. is playingB. was playingC. has playedD. will play( )9. —What did your father say just now?—Sorry, I don’t know. I ______ on the phone.A. am talkingB. talkC. was talkingD. have talked( )10. You ______ first and I ______ behind.A. go; was followingB. will go; followC. will go; followedD. go; will follow二、S + V + P(主语+系动词+表语)系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构,用来说明主语的性质、特点或状态等。

表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。

常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。

如:All her friends are now outside the door. 她的所有朋友现在都在门外。

The milk turned sour. 牛奶变酸了。

【练习导航】翻译下面的汉语句子。

1. 他感到有点累。

______________________________2. 这听起来是个好主意。

______________________________3. 海伦在家吗?______________________________4. 我的电脑在书房里。

______________________________5. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。

______________________________6. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。

______________________________7. 问题是你想干什么。

______________________________8. 他总是乐于助人。

______________________________9. 这盘菜闻起来不错。

______________________________10. 那个女孩是我的妹妹。

______________________________三、S + V + O(主语+及物动词+宾语)及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。

宾语是动作的承受者,一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。

如:He’s having lunch. 他正在吃午餐。

I prefer standing. 我宁愿站着。

He promised to lend me some books. 他答应借给我几本书。

【练习导航】Ⅰ. 找出下列句子的宾语。

1. He handed in his homework this morning. ____________2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim. ____________3. He forgot which way to go. ____________4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? ____________5. I’ll do what I can. ____________Ⅱ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子,每空一词。

6. 你认识这些人吗?Do you _________ _________ _________?7. 今天早上他完成了报告。

He _________ _________ _________ this morning.8. 现在我来自我介绍一下。

Now I’ll _________ _________.9. 他已经决定搬到北京去了。

He has decided _________ _________ _________ Beijing.10. 我不记得事故是什么时候发生的。

I don’t rem ember _________ the accident _________.四、S + V + IO + DO(主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)有些及物动词,如hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, write, buy, leave, make, pass, tell, get 等可以带双宾语,一个宾语指人,称为间接宾语;另一个指物,称为直接宾语。

及物动词带双宾语通常有以下两种结构:1. 及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语2. 及物动词+直接宾语+to / for+间接宾语【练习导航】Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的直接宾语。

1. She gave me her telephone number. _________________2. Bring me some water, please. _________________3. I’ll make you some fresh tea. _________________4. He sang us a folk song. _________________5. She showed me her paintings. _________________Ⅱ. 将下列句子改为同义句。

6. Tom gave me a nice pen.Tom ______ a nice pen _____ me.7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt.My mother ______ a pink skirt ______ my little sister.8. She cooked us a delicious meal.She ______ a delicious meal _____ us.9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt.Tim ______ his nice T-shirt _____ me.10. She made me a cup of coffee.She ______ a cup of coffee ______ me.【温馨提示】◆某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语,这类动词有give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。

如:Can you lend us your car? 你能把车借给我们吗?→Can you lend your car to us?◆某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语,这类动词有buy, play, get, make,order, choose, sing, pay等。

如:My uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔给我买了一块表。

→My uncle bought a watch for me.五、S + V + O + OC(主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语)有些及物动词加上宾语后,它的意思表达还是不完整,这就需要再加上一个补足语来使句子的意思完整。

宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、V-ing形式等充当。

如:Please don’t call me Lucy. 请不要叫我露西。

I found the box empty. 我发现箱子是空的。

The teacher told us to do some exercises. 老师要我们做一些练习题。

【练习导航】Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。

1. They call their daughter Mary. ___________2. Don’t leave me behind. _____________3. I wish you to be happy. _____________4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. ____________5. Good food keeps you healthy. ____________Ⅱ. 翻译下面的汉语句子。

6. 他们请我和他们一道去。

______________________________7. 我刚才看见她在跟简谈话。

______________________________8. 你认为这部电影精彩吗?______________________________9. 你建议我做什么?______________________________10. 你注意到他进来了吗?______________________________六、there be句型there be句型主要用来表示“某地有某物或某人”。

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