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爱伦坡及其诗歌赏析EllenPoe


在纽约的郊外,有一处四周都种了苹果树的房子。在 这所房子里,住着爱伦坡和他年轻的太太,他们以每月3 美元的租金租借此房。可是,他大半时候穷得没有饭钱, 更别提房租了。维琴妮亚病倒在床,可他竟没有分文替 她买些食物和药物。有时候,他们整天饿着肚子,当院 里车前草开花时,他们便煮它充饥。除了肉体的折磨, 还有来自旁人的冷嘲热讽。但爱伦坡几尽疯狂地写诗, 强烈的成功的欲望使他忘记了一切苦痛,在他的脑海中, 只有两个字:奋斗!
维琴妮亚用温柔与爱启示爱伦坡写成了很多最优美 的诗句,其中就有那篇不朽的名诗《乌鸦》。这首 诗爱伦坡写了又写,改了又改,足足花费了十年的 时间,可是仅卖了十块钱。这件事立刻在当地传为 最大的笑话,爱伦坡成为了公认的弱智与无能之辈。 许多人都为自己能够识别出一个白痴而骄傲,感觉 自己与相中良马的伯乐一样出色(但是他们犯了最大 的错误,今天这首诗的原稿已售价数万美元)。
爱伦·坡(Edgar Allan Poe) ,生于1809年,他27岁 时与自己14岁的表妹弗吉尼亚·克莱姆结婚。他们 婚后的生活穷困潦倒。1847年,爱伦·坡的妻子被 病魔夺去了生命。两年后,他也死于饮酒过度。他 的悲伤就如诗中失去至爱的主人公。他的灵魂,如 诗中那团在地板上漂浮的阴暗被擢升,且永不复还! 与译作比,我更喜欢英文版的诗。诗中的 “Nevermore”是无法翻译的忧伤和绝望。
3. He stresses rhythm, opposed to “the heresy of the didactic” and called for “Pure poetry”, defined true poetry as “the rhythmical creation of beauty” . The artistry of poetry lies not in what is being said but in the way it is said.
In the poem, three beauties in ancient Greek mythology—Helen, Naiad and Psyche---are mentioned just to show that beauty is something that ted; it is very holy but it is hard to reach.
4. The creation of work of art requires the utmost concentration and unity, as well as the most scrupulous use of words.
Main Literary Works
The Fall of the House of Usher (1839) The Raven (1845) To Helen (1848) Annabel Lee (1849)
Questions on "To Helen"
1. Although the poem is about a real person, is lines written in passionate boyhood to the first purely and ideal woman in his soul, Poe addressed it to Helen, why might he have done this?
疑惑中似乎梦见从前没人敢梦见的梦 幻;
唯此而已,别无他般。”
很快我的心变得坚强;不再犹疑,不再彷 徨,
“先生,”我说,“或夫人,我求你多多 包涵;
刚才我正睡意昏昏,而你来敲门又那么 轻,
你来敲门又那么轻,轻轻叩击我的房 门, 我差点以为没听见你”——说着我拉开门 扇;—— 唯有黑夜,别无他般。
凝视着夜色幽幽,我站在门边惊惧良 久,
Beauty---to truth---to soul
3. Note that all three stanzas end with a reference to a place--native shore, Greece and Rome, and Holy land. How are these related to each other? To the meaning of the poem as a whole?
每一团奄奄一息的余烬都形成阴影伏在地 板。
我当时真盼望翌日;——因为我已经枉费 心机
想用书来消除悲哀——消除因失去丽诺尔 的悲叹—— 因那被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女,她美丽娇 艳—— 在这儿却默默无闻,直至永远。
那柔软、暗淡、飒飒飘动的每一块紫色窗 布 使我心中充满前所未有的恐怖——我毛骨悚 然; 为平息我心儿停跳.我站起身反复叨念 “这是有人想进屋,在叩我的房门——。 更深夜半有人想进屋,在叩我的房门;——
To Helen
Stanza 1 The poet first mentioned Helen, the most famous
beauty in Great mythology. Then Poe compared himself to Odysseus, who wandered for ten years over the sea to get home. As Odysseus, Edgar Allan Poe was persistent in his chasing after fine arts with the sincere belief that art, or beauty and truth, is the ultimate aim, the home, for the wandering poet; while Helen, the embodiment of ancient beauty, is the guider to that dreamland.
在他26岁时,他与年仅13岁的表妹维琴妮 亚不顾一切地热恋并结婚了,那是爱伦坡 一生中最美好的时光,但也给他们夫妇带 来了莫大的痛苦。许多人认为他疯了,劝 他尽早结束这幕悲剧;更有许多人奉劝维 琴妮亚离开这个穷光蛋,在他们眼里,爱 伦坡根本不配拥有爱情和一切美好的东西 。可是,世俗终归是世俗,市井小人永远 不会领悟到伟大的爱情是如何产生的。爱 伦坡夫妇用世间最牢固的爱情击垮了一切 流言,他俩的婚姻是最美满幸福的.
Edgar Allan Poe (1809 - 1849)
Poe’s Theories on Poetry
His poetry express the same deep hopelessness and rejection of the world as his prose, but in a different way. Expressed in his works
2.In the final stanza, Helen is addressed as Psyche the Greek word for “ breath” or “soul”. How do you reconcile this with the earlier references to Helen of Troy, whose legendary beauty led to the Trojan War?
The Raven
The Raven
从前一个阴郁的子夜,我独自沉思,慵懒疲竭, 沉思许多古怪而离奇、早已被人遗忘的传闻—— 当我开始打盹,几乎入睡,突然传来一阵轻擂, 仿佛有人在轻轻叩击,轻轻叩击我的房门。 “有人来了,”我轻声嘟喃,“正在叩击我的房 门—— 唯此而已,别无他般。”
哦,我清楚地记得那是在萧瑟的十二 月;
To Helen 致海伦
海伦,你的美在我的眼里, 有如往日尼西亚的三桅船
船行在飘香的海上,悠悠 地 把已倦于漂泊的困乏船员 送回他故乡的海岸。
早已习惯于在怒海上飘荡, 你典雅的脸庞,你的鬈发,
你水神般的风姿带我返航, 返回那往时的希腊和罗马, 返回那往时的壮丽和辉煌。
看哪!壁龛似的明亮窗户里, 我看见你站着,多像尊雕像, 一盏玛瑙的灯你拿在手上! 塞姬女神哪,神圣的土地, 才是你家乡!
Stanza 3
The speaker sees Helen standing in the bright niche and holding in her hand an agate lamp. She is quite similar to goddess Psyche from Greek Myth. Through his description of his passion to Helen, Poe expressed his pursuit and sincere devotion to beauty.
Beauty is truth and leads to spiritual oneness and artistic integrity
The Raven
爱伦·坡的长诗《乌鸦》发表于1845年。诗作发表 之后引起轰动,有出版商请著名的插画家Gustave Doré为这首长诗创作了25幅插画。
体弱的维琴妮亚终究敌不过饥寒交迫,在一个寒冷 的冬夜,带着令人感动的爱去了。失去了爱妻,爱伦坡 几乎崩溃了,惟一支撑他的只有成功的信念了。在爱妻 的坟墓旁,他强忍着泪水和思念,拿着笔,一刻也不放 下,他用尽一切气力,投身于创作。从白天到夜晚,从 夜晚到梦中,从梦中又到白天……终于,使他写出了感 人肺腑的《爱的称颂》。爱伦坡终于迎来了成功。
2. The function of poetry is not to summarize and interpret earthly experience, but to create a mood in which the soul soars toward supernal beauty. The basic tone is melancholy.
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