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轨道高低不平顺谱

第32卷第5期2012年10月地震工程与工程振动JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING VIBRATION Vol.32No.5Oct.2012收稿日期:2012-03-14;修订日期:2012-04-13基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划第四子课题(2012CB026104);国家自然科学基金项目(51078111;50678055);冻土工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLFSE201007);铁道部科学技术研究项目(2009G010-E )作者简介:陈士军(1979-),男,博士研究生,主要从事轨道交通作用下冻土路基动力稳定性研究.E-mail :hitcsj@foxmail.com 通讯作者:凌贤长(1963-),男,教授,主要从事路基动力稳定性研究.E-mail :xianzhang_ling@263.net 文章编号:1000-1301(2012)05-0033-06轨道高低不平顺谱分析陈士军1,凌贤长1,朱占元2,徐学燕1,刘艳萍3(1.哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150090;2.四川农业大学城乡建设学院,四川都江堰611830;3.机械工业第四设计研究院,河南洛阳471000)摘要:基于国内外轨道高低不平顺功率谱密度拟合函数,通过编程数值计算分别对比研究了普通线路谱和高速线路谱对行车平稳舒适性、安全性、轮轨动力效应的影响。

结果表明,铁科院干线谱和原长沙铁道学院谱激励下列车的平稳舒适性略优于美国六级谱,而前者的轮轨动力效应介于美国六级谱和美国五级谱之间,后者则与美国六级谱相当;时速120km 等级普通线路谱和时速160km 等级提速线路谱引起的列车行驶平稳性介于美国五级谱和六级谱之间,轮轨动力效应与美国六级谱较一致;铁科院郑武线高速谱和时速200km 等级提速线路谱引起的列车平稳舒适性介于德国高干扰谱和低干扰谱之间,而前者引起的轮轨力大于德国轨道谱,后者则与德国低干扰谱相当。

同时采用三角级法给出各轨道谱的时域样本,作为车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力分析模型的轮轨激励输入,仿真计算了青藏客车YZ25T 在普通轨道谱激扰下以时速90km /h 行驶和高速轨道谱激励下以时速200km /h 行驶时的轮轨竖向作用力,较好地验证了基于轨道谱密度函数的轮轨力效应分析结果。

研究成果可为列车行驶振动反应分析中轮-轨不平顺激励谱的选择提供参考。

关键词:轨道谱;高低不平顺;时域转化;三角级数法;轮轨力中图分类号:TU435;TU752;P315.91文献标志码:AAnalyses of track vertical profile irregularity spectraCHEN Shijun 1,LING Xianzhang 1,ZHU Zhanyuan 2,XU Xueyan 1,LIU Yanping 3(1.School of Civil Engineering ,Harbin Institute of Technology ,Harbin 150090,China ;2.Urban and Rural Construction College ,Sichuan Agricultural University ,Dujiangyan 611830,China ;3.SCIVIC Engineering Corporation ,Luoyang 471000,China )Abstract :Based on the previous studies on fitting functions of power spectrum density (PSD )of track vertical irreg-ularity ,the different effects of common and high-speed track spectra on the performance of train ,such as runningstability ,safety and wheel-track dynamic response ,have been compared.The results indicate that the running sta-bility of the TKY main line spectrum and the CSTDXY track spectrum is superior to that of the American track spectrum of sixth grade ,while the wheel-track dynamic response resulted from TKY main line spectrum lies be-tween those induced by the fifth and sixth grade American track spectra ,and the dynamic response induced by the CSTDXY track spectrum is almost identical with that by the sixth grade American track spectrum ;the running sta-bility induced by the spectra of 120km /h and 160km /h classification ,respectively ,all lie between those from the sixth and fifth grade American spectra ,and the wheel-track forces are almost identical with the sixth grade Ameri-can spectrum ;the running stability of TKY high-speed spectrum and the spectrum of 200km /h classification is in the middle level compared with German track spectra of high interference and low interference ,and the wheel-track43地震工程与工程振动第32卷force induced by German interference track spectra,which was comparative with that induced by the latter,is smal-ler than the force induced by the former.Simultaneously,according to the vehicle-track vertical coupling dynamic model,applying trigonometric series method to transfer the functions of PSD into time domain samples as an input of wheel-track excitation,the wheel-track vertical forces were calculated,while the vehicle YZ25T passing by under common irregularity spectra excitation with the velocity of90km/h,and under high-speed spectra excitation with the velocity of200km/h,respectively,which can well be the validation of wheel-track dynamic effectiveness ob-tained by the PSD of track vertical irregularity.The results can be used for the selection of wheel-track interaction input,which can further provide certain insights into the study on vibration responses induced by passing trains.Key words:track spectrum;vertical profile irregularity;time domain transformation;trigonometric series method;wheel-track force引言轨道不平顺状态只能依靠线路实地测量获得,实测的样本是复杂的随机波,不能用确定函数来表示[1,2]。

但从总体上来看,轨道随机不平顺具有一定的统计规律性,一般假设为Gauss平稳随机过程,用功率谱密度函数(PSD)加以描述[3,4]。

研究表明[2],轨道不平顺对列车行车的平稳舒适性、安全性、轮轨动力效应等有重要影响。

而单一轮轨激励因素,如轨缝、谐波、轨枕空吊等,不能全面地模拟轨道不平顺的激励状态,只能较好地说明轨道某一特殊局部的激扰情况。

因此,为了较合理地分析列车行驶轨道结构和场地的振动响应状态,随机不平顺轨道谱可作为列车行驶轮-轨激励因素选择。

目前,美国、德国等许多国家都测定了各自的轨道不平顺空间样本,并给出其谱密度和相关函数[2,5,6]。

我国铁道科学研究院在上世纪90年代末到本世纪初,在我国东南西北各主要干线约四万公里轨道检测车检测数据和部分地面测量数据的基础上,提出了我国重载线、提速线、准高速线、高速试验线等主要干线高低、水平、轨向3种轨道不平顺的功率谱密度[2,4,6]。

翟婉明[2]提出列车垂向振动是环境振动的主要原因,而引起垂向振动的主要激励因素为轨道高低不平顺。

因此,合理遴选随机高低不平顺轨道谱对列车-轨道结构垂向耦合系统动力数值仿真分析尤其重要。

鉴于此,本文基于国内外常用的轨道高低不平顺功率谱密度拟合函数,分别对比研究普通线路谱和高速线路谱的差异,分析其引起的列车行驶平稳舒适性和轮轨动力效应的异同;同时采用三角级数法给出各轨道谱的时域样本,作为强非线性列车-轨道耦合动力系统的轮轨激励输入,计算对比了青藏客车YZ25T在普通线路谱激扰下以时速90km/h行驶和在高速谱激扰下以时速200km/h行驶时轮轨动力反应时程,对基于轨道谱密度的轮轨动力效应分析结果进行验证。

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