Semantic translation emphasized the semantic content of the original while communicative translation stressed the understanding and response of target reader.
如何将岳飞的《满江红》译得朗朗上口，又保持 气势？ 如何让欧美游客更多欣赏到西湖天下景的“水水 山山处处明明秀秀，晴晴雨雨时时好好奇奇”？ 如何翻译小吃“西施舌”中的西施？ 如何译出佛教中雅俗共赏的对子“大肚能容容世 上难容之事，开口便笑笑天下可笑之人”？
旅游文体翻译
浙江电大 舒晓杨
Tourism English introduction The problems and principles in Tourism translation Newmark’s translation theories and its application in travel Tourism English translation in cultural perspective
Ⅰ Impact of cultural differences on tourism English translation Ⅱ Strategies of tourism translation in cultural perspective
Tourism Translation is a translation of practice for tourism activities ,and is a cross- language and cross-society , a cross-time and cross-space , a cross-cultural , a cross- psychological communication activity . 旅游翻译是为旅游活动、旅游专业和行业所进行的翻译 实践，是一种跨语言、跨社会、跨时空、跨文化、跨心理 的交际活动。
Translation
measecutive interpretation and simultaneous interpretation )
Guided translation Interpretation ( including sight Machine Translation
Literary Translation
( such as poems, couplets , prose ,etc.)
involve
language：
Intra-lingual（语内翻译） Inter-lingual（语际翻译 ） Inter-semiotic（符际翻译 ）
headline
E.g. 仿膳—Imperial Food 杭州煨鸡--Beggar’s Chicken 狗不理--Dogs Don’t Leave 西施舌—The Beauty’s Tongue
Introduction of Newmark’s theory
SL emphasis TL emphasis Word for word translation adaptation Literal translation Free translation Faithful translation Idiomatic translation Semantic translation Communicative translation
Introduction of Newmark’s theory
（1）semantic translation（语义翻译）
The target language structure
（2）communication translation（交际翻译）
To make the target readers by the effects of the Source language readers by the effects of the same
E.g.满树金花、芳香四溢的金桂；花如白雪、香气 扑鼻的银桂；红 里透黄、花多味浓的紫砂桂；花色似银、季季有花的四季桂；竞相开 放，竞艳媲美。进入桂林公园，阵阵桂香扑鼻而来。
Revised: The Park of Sweet Osmanthus is known for its The Park of Sweet Osmanthus is noted for its profusion of osmanthus trees and variety of osmanthus profusion of osmanthus trees．Flowers from these flowers．It boasts golden osmanthus，silver osmanthus， trees in different colors are in full bloom which purple osmanthus，four-season osmanthus，and much pervade the whole garden with the fragrance of their more．They are in full bloom in the golden fall，filling blossoms． the whole garden with their sweet fragrance．

翻译手段—导译、口译（包括视译、交传和同传）、笔译和机器翻译。 翻译题材

专业性翻译（如同科技翻译、法律翻译等） 一般性翻译（如应用文、社交、日常生活等的翻译） 文学翻译 （如诗词、楹联、散文等的翻译）

涉及语言
语内翻译（intra-lingual ） 语际翻译 （inter-lingual ） 符际翻译 （inter-semiotic ）
Translation
Professional translation
themes :
( such as technical translation, legal translation, etc. )
General translation
etc.)
(such as practical , social, and daily life ,
directive
evocative
1、 Transliteration and free translation improper handling E.g.三头六臂：having three heads and six arms(A superman)
2、The style difference between Chinese and English
Everybody knows that China is a very big country in the world .It has a long history .there are many interesting places here.such as the Great wall ,the Summer palace and so on.so every year lots of people will come here to visit .
The function of English used in travel is communication between different cultures, different places and different society. So in translation, adequate cultural conversion should be made to complete the cultural communication. 1.Tourist guide (旅游指南) 2. Travel itinerary（旅游日程） 3. Notice（通知） 4. Travel advertising and tour conditions （广告和条件书） 5. Guidebook (导游词）
“江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰”。中国的山水文
化丰富，历史文化厚重，风土人情多姿多彩，真可谓“风 景这边独好！”中国人喜闻乐见的诗词、楹联，有诗情画
意名称的风景名胜，百吃不厌的名菜名点，优美动听的古 代传说，令人眼花缭乱的京剧武打，以及更多的独具中国 文化特色的东西，都是海外游客慕名而来的原因。而遗憾 的是，太多的趣味—山水之趣、人文之趣、乡音之趣—丢 失在翻译之中（lost in translation）
This standard makes it easy for tourists to
understand.
E.g.望湖饭店（lakeview hotel） 颐和园（Summer Palace）
Tourist
orientation（以旅游者为取向）
This standard should be the first choice among all standards. E.g.这种冬青树，你们称为“圣诞树”，我们俗称 “鸟不宿”。 This holly is what you call a “Christmas tree”, and it is what locally known as “unperchable”.
contents
The language functions of tourism English
1. Informative 2. Directive 3. Evocative
informative
The language should has enough and correct message which can be understood. To guide visitors find the significance of landscape or sites. To create certain feelings among the visitors.